Cocoa Production

Author : Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2014-02-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466598232

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Cocoa Production and Processing Technology by Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa Pdf

One of the largest food commodities exported from the developing countries to the rest of the world, cocoa has gained increasing attention on the global market—raising many questions about its quality, sustainability and traceability. Cocoa Production and Processing Technology presents detailed explanations of the technologies that could be employed to assure sustainable production of high-quality and safe cocoa beans for the global confectionary industry. It provides overviews of up-to-date technologies and approaches to modern cocoa production practices, global production and consumption trends as well as principles of cocoa processing and chocolate manufacture. The book covers the origin, history and taxonomy of cocoa, and examines the fairtrade and organic cocoa industries and their influence on smallholder farmers. The chapters provide in-depth coverage of cocoa cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest treatments with a focus on cocoa bean composition, genotypic variations and their influence on quality, post-harvest pre-treatments, fermentation techniques, drying, storage and transportation. The author provides details on cocoa fermentation processes as well as the biochemical and microbiological changes involved and how they influence flavour. He also addresses cocoa trading systems, bean selection and quality criteria, as well as industrial processing of fermented and dried cocoa beans into liquor, cake, butter and powder. The book examines the general principles of chocolate manufacture, detailing the various stages of the processes involved, the factors that influence the quality characteristics and strategies to avoid post-processing quality defects. This volume presents innovative techniques for sustainability and traceability in high-quality cocoa production and explores new product development with potential for cost reduction as well as improved cocoa bean and chocolate product quality.

Author : Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-02-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466598249

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Cocoa Production and Processing Technology by Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa Pdf

One of the largest food commodities exported from the developing countries to the rest of the world, cocoa has gained increasing attention on the global market-raising many questions about its quality, sustainability and traceability. Cocoa Production and Processing Technology presents detailed explanations of the technologies that could be employe

Author : Edoh Adabe, K.,Ngo-Samnick L.
Publisher : CTA
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2014-09-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789290815662

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Cocoa by Edoh Adabe, K.,Ngo-Samnick L. Pdf

A highly nutritious crop, cocoa constitutes a significant source of income for small-scale producers. Attractively presented, with full-colour illustrations, tables and step-by-step guides, the text clearly sets out the procedure to start growing cocoa. In addition to recommending a technical schedule for the production of cocoa plants, the guide stresses the importance of phytosanitary protection and post-harvest operations. Useful advice and economic information on the sector is also given in later chapters.

Author : Peter McMahon,Philip Keane
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-04-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781443804721

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Chocolate and Sustainable Cocoa Farming by Peter McMahon,Philip Keane Pdf

This second edition includes an updated bibliography.Astley's signature is a highly allusive, layered and self-conscious prose style, non-linear and open-ended (Gillian Whitlock, JASAL: Journal of Association for the Study of Australian Literature, 6, 2007, p. 154.)The essays offer insights into issues of language, art, gender and religion ... as well as Astley's evolving body of writing and the historical and literary context of her work (Lyn Jacobs, Australian Literary Studies v.23, n.3, 2008, p.358).

Author : G. A. R. Wood,R. A. Lass
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 620 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2001-07-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 063206398X

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Cocoa by G. A. R. Wood,R. A. Lass Pdf

The fourth edition of this highly regarded book has been considerably enlarged to cover all aspects of cocoa production. Higher prices for cocoa have led to much new knowledge about the plant and changes to its methods of production. These are discussed, along with new problems that have occurred and the fresh research projects that have been needed.

Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789210579278

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Cocoa Industry by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Pdf

This publication examines the vertical and horizontal integration in the cocoa industry and its potential impacts on stakeholders along the value chain, in particular small cocoa farmers who constitute the backbone of cocoa production worldwide. It contends that the concentration pattern observed at all segments of cocoa GVC may have contributed to a high level of efficiency, but could become problematic, in particular if it fosters oligopsonic/monopsonic or monopolistic/oligopolistic behaviour in the industry with detrimental effects for small players. It also discusses the extent of integration of cocoa farmers into international markets by assessing the transmission of international cocoa prices to the domestic prices paid to farmers. The results suggest that transmission has increased with trade liberalizing reforms undertaken by cocoa producing countries, but, overall, the outcomes are mixed, so far. The reforms have increased the exposure of farmers to the vagaries of international markets, but they are not associated with a significant, if any, increase in the share of world prices of cocoa accruing to farmers. In order to make cocoa cultivation a more viable source of livelihoods for farmers, and ensure a sustainable global cocoa economy, it would be essential for governments and other stakeholders to implement policies that enable cocoa farmers to increase their incomes. The publication is useful for governments of cocoa producing countries, development practitioners, including agricultural economists and the private sector, with an interest in empowering farmers, and in the development of a sustainable cocoa economy. Ultimately, it should make an invaluable contribution to the debate on how to reduce poverty, and attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with their commitment to ''leave no on behind'', especially in cocoa farming communities.

Author : R. A. Lass
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : MINN:31951000339283R

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Cocoa Production by R. A. Lass Pdf

Cocoa is produced almost exclusively by developing nations in the tropics. Although it is in many ways a suitable crop for small farmers, yields are seriously reduced by several major pests and diseases. This paper identifies the major constraints, summarizes the present state of knowledge, and suggests priorities for research that would be expected to have the greatest impact at the farm level. Financial constraints and thus lack of continuity in research have hindered progress. The botany, historical development, social aspects, and environmental requirements of cocoa are covered. The agronomy section deals with rehabilitating old cocoa, the role of cocoa in farming systems, and the general husbandry of the crop. This is followed by discussion of cocoa physiology, and the relation of shade and nutritional requirements. There are both economic and social constraints to the adoption of more sophisticated farming systems by small farmers. Research is required to improve current chemical and phytosanitary control measures. While breeding for resistance is the ideal long-term solution, there are many difficulties. Pest management in cocoa is generally inadequate.

Author : G. A. R. Wood,R. A. Lass
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 620 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470698426

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Cocoa by G. A. R. Wood,R. A. Lass Pdf

The fourth edition of this highly regarded book has been considerably enlarged to cover all aspects of cocoa production. Higher prices for cocoa have led to much new knowledge about the plant and changes to its methods of production. These are discussed, along with new problems that have occurred and the fresh research projects that have been needed.

Author : François Ruf,P S Siswoputranto
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1995-06-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1855732157

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Cocoa Cycles by François Ruf,P S Siswoputranto Pdf

The cyclical boom-to-recession nature of the economics of cocoa supply is a major problem for the international cocoa industry - and especially for countries whose economies depend on cocoa exports. Only through an understanding of the dynamics of cocoa cycles can policy decisions be made through the various phases of supply cycles. Based on a major international cocoa conference, this book presents seventeen edited papers from leading experts, making a major contribution to that understanding. It explains the powerful economic, social and political factors which impact on the cocoa economy. It shows the laws of cocoa supply are closely linked to environmental, ecological and institutional factors.

Author : Paul Siegel,Jeffrey R. Alwang
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 87 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Cocoa trade
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Export Commodity Production and Broad-based Rural Development by Paul Siegel,Jeffrey R. Alwang Pdf

Author : William Gervase Clarence-Smith
Publisher : Springer
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1996-11-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781349249015

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Cocoa Pioneer Fronts since 1800 by William Gervase Clarence-Smith Pdf

The livelihood of Third World farmers conflicts with saving the remaining tropical forests. The advantages of growing cocoa in cleared primary forest drive from the fertility of virgin soils and low concentrations of weeds, pests and diseases. The consequent emergence of new 'pioneer fronts' has also been affected by cheap labour, relative commodity prices, pests and diseases, credit resources, entrepreneurship, information, physical infrastructures, and government policies. The dynamism of smallholdings and competitive private marketing over estates and marketing boards is demonstrated.

Author : International Cocoa Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Cocoa
ISBN : UTEXAS:059173027019773

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Study of Cocoa Production and Consumption Capacity by International Cocoa Organization Pdf

Author : Samuel Ohikhena Agele,Olufemi Ibiremo
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781837683192

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Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma Cacao by Samuel Ohikhena Agele,Olufemi Ibiremo Pdf

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a sacred tree and noble resource from South America. The Mayans and other early civilizations in Central America used cacao beans as tokens, which were subsequently transported to Europe to nurture monarchies and elites. Based on the discovery of cacao’s commercial potential and attributes, new cocoa plantations were established in other parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Thus, cocoa has become an important cash crop in Africa, Central and South America, and Asia, where it is a major foreign exchange earner, industrial raw material, support for livelihood, and ecosystem services provision. Based on its global importance, there has been an increased need for the expansion of cultivation to meet the rising demand for cacao beans. Global environmental change, including climate change, variability, and weather extremes, has established new environmental boundaries with implications for area suitability for cocoa production and sustainability. Efforts to unlock the potentials of the established environmental boundaries may be built on the development and adoption of agrotechnological practices and integration of climate resilience for harnessing opportunities and potentials of the new environment, and thus, extension of the frontiers of cacao cultivation to meet the increasing global demand for cocoa beans. This book, “Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma Cacao - Opportunities and Challenges for Production” presents a comprehensive perspective of the interactions of changing environmental conditions, cocoa production, and sustainability. The book illuminates the challenges climate change presents for cocoa production and sustainability. It provides insights into the need for cocoa actors within the cocoa sector to strengthen climate mitigation and resilience building and to come to grips with the realities, magnitude, and inevitable persistence of climate challenges to cocoa production and sustainability.

Author : Kolavalli, Shashidhara,Vigneri, Marcella
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896292703

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The cocoa coast: The board-managed cocoa sector in Ghana: Synopsis by Kolavalli, Shashidhara,Vigneri, Marcella Pdf

After almost 20 years of declining cocoa production, Ghana has been able in the last decade to increase the share of export prices going to producers, more than doubling production. Contrary to Washington Consensus prescriptions, these accomplishments were achieved through reforms but without liberalization of domestic and export marketing. The Cocoa Coast: The Board-Managed Cocoa Sector in Ghana seeks to understand the success of a sector that was not liberalized. The authors identify three major reasons for Ghana’s success in cocoa production. First, cocoa producers receive an increasing share of export prices, because of factors including a stakeholder-advised process for determining producer prices that also pays explicit attention to discouraging smuggling of cocoa to neighboring countries and the popular perception that cocoa performance is tied to the country’s general economic performance. Second, the Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD) has a policy of retaining a portion of producer revenues to promote the adoption of yield-enhancing measures. Third, centralized marketing and maintenance of the high export quality for which Ghana is known enables the country to offer stable prices to producers and opportunities for local businesses to participate in the sector and retain some power in the global value chain.

Author : Doreen Pendgracs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06
Category : Chocolate
ISBN : 0991890108

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Chocolatour by Doreen Pendgracs Pdf