Context And Cognition

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Discourse and Context

Teun A. van Dijk
Discourse and Context Book PDF

Author : Teun A. van Dijk
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-02-11
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0521130301

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Discourse and Context by Teun A. van Dijk Pdf

How do social situations influence language use, discourse and conversation? This book is a monograph which presents a multidisciplinary theory of context and the way context influences language use and discourse. Unlike in earlier approaches, contexts are not defined as objective social 'variables', such as gender or age. Rather, they are constructs of the participants themselves, that is, 'subjective definitions of the communicative situation' that are made explicit in the sociocognitive notion of context models. These models dynamically control all language use, make sure that discourses are appropriate in the communicative situation and hence are the basis of pragmatics. In this book, context models are studied especially from a (socio) linguistic and cognitive perspective. In another book published by Cambridge University Press, Society and Discourse, Teun A. van Dijk develops the social psychological, sociological and anthropological dimensions of the theory of context.

Contextual Cognition

Agustín Ibáñez,Adolfo M. García
Contextual Cognition Book PDF

Author : Agustín Ibáñez,Adolfo M. García
Publisher : Springer
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783319772851

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Contextual Cognition by Agustín Ibáñez,Adolfo M. García Pdf

This Brief introduces two empirically grounded models of situated mental phenomena: contextual social cognition (the collection of psychological processes underlying context-dependent social behavior) and action-language coupling (the integration of ongoing actions with movement-related verbal information). It combines behavioral, neuroscientific, and neuropsychiatric perspectives to forge a novel view of contextual influences on active, multi-domain processes. Chapters highlight the models' translational potential for the clinical field by focusing on diseases compromising social cognition (mainly illustrated by behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia) and motor skills (crucially, Parkinson’s disease). A final chapter sets forth metatheoretical considerations regarding intercognition, the constant binding of processes triggered by environmental and body-internal sources, which confers a sensus communis to our experience. In addition, the book includes two commentaries written by external peers pondering on advantages and limits of the proposal. Contextual Cognition will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers from the fields of cognitive science, neurology, psychiatry, neuroscience, psychology, behavioral science, linguistics, and philosophy.

Context and Cognition in Consumer Psychology

Gordon Foxall
Context and Cognition in Consumer Psychology Book PDF

Author : Gordon Foxall
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317677383

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Context and Cognition in Consumer Psychology by Gordon Foxall Pdf

Context and Cognition in Consumer Psychology is concerned with the psychological explanation of consumer choice. It pays particular attention to the roles of perception and emotion in accounting for consumers’ actions and their interaction with the desires and beliefs in terms of which consumer choice is frequently analyzed. In this engaging book, Gordon Foxall extends and elaborates his theory of consumer action, based on the philosophical strategy of Intentional Behaviorism. In doing so, he introduces the concept of contingency-representation to explore the ways in which consumers mentally represent the consequences of past decisions and the likely outcomes of present consumption. The emphasis is on action rather than behavior and the manner in which the intentional consumer-situation, as the immediate precursor of consumer choice, can be reconstructed in order to explain consumer actions in the absence of the environmental stimuli required by behaviorist psychology. The result is a novel reaffirmation of the role of cognition in the determination of consumer choice. Besides the concept of contingency-representation which the author introduces, the analysis draws upon psychoanalytic concepts, theories of cognitive structure and processing, and the philosophy of perception to generate a stimulating synthesis for consumer research. The book will be of interest to students and researchers in consumer behavior and economic psychology and to all who seek a deeper interdisciplinary understanding of the contextual and cognitive interactions that guide choice in the market place.

Critical Discourse Studies in Context and Cognition

Christopher Hart
Critical Discourse Studies in Context and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Christopher Hart
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2011-08-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027285102

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Critical Discourse Studies in Context and Cognition by Christopher Hart Pdf

Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) is an exciting research enterprise in which scholars are concerned with the discursive reproduction of power and inequality. However, researchers in CDS are increasingly recognising the need to investigate the cognitive dimensions of discourse and context if they want to fully account for any connection between language, legitimisation and social action. This book presents a collection of papers in CDS concerned with various ideological discourses. Analyses are firmly rooted in linguistics and cognition constitutes a major focus of attention. The chapters, which are written by prominent researchers in CDS, come from a broad range of theoretical perspectives spanning pragmatics, cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics. The book is essential reading for anyone working at the cutting edge of CDS and especially for those wishing to explore the central place that cognition must surely hold in the relationship between discourse and society.

Social Context and Cognitive Performance

Pascal Huguet,Jean-Marc Monteil
Social Context and Cognitive Performance Book PDF

Author : Pascal Huguet,Jean-Marc Monteil
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134840779

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Social Context and Cognitive Performance by Pascal Huguet,Jean-Marc Monteil Pdf

Based on twenty years of research on the social regulation of academic performances, this book offers theoretical and empirical arguments in favour of the inclusion of the social dimension of human beings as essential for their cognitive activities. We all engage in social interactions, compare ourselves with other people, belong to social groups, and are the object of a myriad of categorisations. Not only do such social experiences affect cognition, but they actually determine its form and its content. Several experiments indeed reveal that cognitive performance depends on the relationship between the individual and the social context in which cognition takes place. And this relationship is not forged directly by features of the situation, but rather by personal construals of these features (most notably social comparison). This fact alone justifies granting the individual's social experiences a psychological status and it further strengthens the key idea of this book, namely that the social context only exists through the intervention of cognitive processes of contextualization (producing a "cognitive context of the self") such as those involved in autobiographical memory. A "social psychology of cognition" is suggested, in which the fashionable distinction between cognition and social cognition makes no sense. From this innovative perspective it is indeed more the social nature of the individual rather than that of the object to be processed that defines the social nature of cognition. Well-known phenomena such as social facilitation and social loafing as well as established educational practices are also re-examined from this perspective.

Context and Cognition

Paul Light,George Butterworth
Context and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Paul Light,George Butterworth
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317237723

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Context and Cognition by Paul Light,George Butterworth Pdf

Originally published in 1993, the study of cognitive development in children had moved from a focus on the intellectual processes of the individual studied in relative isolation, as in the classic work of Piaget, to a concern in the 1970s and 1980s with social cognition characterized by Vygotsky's views. In the years following, the trend toward an understanding of the situated nature of cognition had evolved even further and the extent to which thinking and knowing are inextricably linked to contextual constraints was at last being defined. Experts of international repute, the authors of this important book examine the recent literature on situated cognition in children. They explain contextual sensitivity in relation to ecological theories of cognition, and contrast intuitive reasoning in mathematical and other scientific domains with the failure of such reasoning in formal school contexts. Centrally concerned with the question of generalizability and transfer of knowledge from one situation to another, the contributors point to practical implications for understanding how intellectual competence can be made to generalize between "informal" and "formal" situations.

Context as Other Minds

T. Givón
Context as Other Minds Book PDF

Author : T. Givón
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2005-07-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027294340

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Context as Other Minds by T. Givón Pdf

Givon's new book re-casts pragmatics, and most conspicuously the pragmatics of sociality and communication, in neuro-cognitive, bio-adaptive, evolutionary terms. The fact that context, the core notion of pragmatics, is a framing operation undertaken on the fly through judgements of relevance, has been well known since Aristotle, Kant and Peirce. But the context that is relevant to the pragmatics of sociality and communication is a highly specific mental operation — the mental modeling of the interlocutor's current, rapidly shifting belief-and-intention states. The construed context of social interaction and communication is thus a mental representation of other minds. Following a condensed intellectual history of pragmatics, the book investigates the adaptive pragmatics of lexical-semantic categories — the 1st-order framing of “reality", what cognitive psychologists call “semantic memory”. Utilizing the network model, the book then takes a fresh look at the adaptive underpinnings of metaphoric meaning. The core chapters of the book outline the re-interpretation of “communicative context” as the systematic, on-line construction of mental models of the interlocutor’s current, rapidly-shifting states of belief and intention. This grand theme is elaborated through examples from the grammar of referential coherence, verbal modalities and clause-chaining. In its final chapters, the book pushes pragmatics beyond its traditional bounds, surveying its interdisciplinary implications for philosophy of science, theory of personality, personality disorders and the calculus of social interaction.

Distributed Cognition and the Will

Don Ross,David Spurrett,Harold Kincaid
Distributed Cognition and the Will Book PDF

Author : Don Ross,David Spurrett,Harold Kincaid
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262681698

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Distributed Cognition and the Will by Don Ross,David Spurrett,Harold Kincaid Pdf

Philosophers and behavioral scientists discuss what, if anything, of the traditional concept of individual conscious will can survive recent scientific discoveries that human decision-making is distributed across different brain processes and through the social environment. Recent scientific findings about human decision making would seem to threaten the traditional concept of the individual conscious will. The will is threatened from "below" by the discovery that our apparently spontaneous actions are actually controlled and initiated from below the level of our conscious awareness, and from "above" by the recognition that we adapt our actions according to social dynamics of which we are seldom aware. In Distributed Cognition and the Will, leading philosophers and behavioral scientists consider how much, if anything, of the traditional concept of the individual conscious will survives these discoveries, and they assess the implications for our sense of freedom and responsibility. The contributors all take science seriously, and they are inspired by the idea that apparent threats to the cogency of the idea of will might instead become the basis of its reemergence as a scientific subject. They consider macro-scale issues of society and culture, the micro-scale dynamics of the mind/brain, and connections between macro-scale and micro-scale phenomena in the self-guidance and self-regulation of personal behavior. Contributors George Ainslie, Wayne Christensen, Andy Clark, Paul Sheldon Davies, Daniel C. Dennett, Lawrence A. Lengbeyer, Dan Lloyd, Philip Pettit, Don Ross, Tamler Sommers, Betsy Sparrow, Mariam Thalos, Jeffrey B. Vancouver, Daniel M. Wegner, Tadeusz W. Zawidzki

The Context of Cognition: Emerging Perspectives

Kara D. Federmeier,Lili Sahakyan
The Context of Cognition Emerging Perspectives Book PDF

Author : Kara D. Federmeier,Lili Sahakyan
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780323901352

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The Context of Cognition: Emerging Perspectives by Kara D. Federmeier,Lili Sahakyan Pdf

The Context of Cognition: Emerging Perspectives, Volume 75 in the Psychology of Learning and Motivation series, features empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning, to complex learning and problem-solving. Presents the latest information in the highly regarded Psychology of Learning and Motivation series Provides an essential reference for researchers and academics in cognitive science Contains information relevant to both applied concerns and basic research

Indigenous Cognition: Functioning in Cultural Context

J.W. Berry,S.H Irvine,E.G. Hunt
Indigenous Cognition Functioning in Cultural Context Book PDF

Author : J.W. Berry,S.H Irvine,E.G. Hunt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9789400927780

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Indigenous Cognition: Functioning in Cultural Context by J.W. Berry,S.H Irvine,E.G. Hunt Pdf

Cognitive psychology has established itself as one of the major branches of the discipline. with much to its credit in such areas as decision making. information processing. memory and learning. Similarly. the assessment of cognitive abilities has become one of the hallmarks of the practice of psychology in the school. in the factory and in the clinic. In recent years. these two branches have begun to interact. and the two approaches have begun mutually to engage each other. A third trend, that of cross-cultural cognitive psychology, has been informed both by experimental cognitive sciences and by the practice of ability assessment (see. for example. Berry and Dasen, 1974; Cole and Scribner, 1974). However. the reverse has not been true: the cognitive processes and abilities of much of the world's peoples studied by cross-cultural psychologists have not been introduced to psychologists working in these two Western traditions (see Irvine and Berry, 1987). This volume attempts to begin this introduction by asking the question: "What is known about the cognitive functions of other peoples that could enable extant psychology to become more comprehensive, to attain a 'universal' cognitive psychology?" Who are these "other peoples". and by extension, what then is "indigenous cognition"? The first question is rather easy to answer. but the second is more difficult.

Translation and Relevance

Ernst-August Gutt
Translation and Relevance Book PDF

Author : Ernst-August Gutt
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317640899

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Translation and Relevance by Ernst-August Gutt Pdf

From the outset, this book has evoked strong responses. Its central claim is that given a comprehensive theory of inferential communication, there is no need for a special theory of translation. This has been praised by some as "wise and right" (Dell Hymes) and condemned by others as "astonishing, not to say perverse" (Kirsten Malmkjaer). Gutt's call to move from semiotics to an inferential paradigm of communication remains a challenge for many. The debate continues and so does the demand for the book, resulting in this second edition. There is a 'Postscript' entitled 'A decade later', where the author addresses peer criticism, especially from those involved in the movement of 'translation studies', and attempts to bring out more clearly the unique mandate of translation. New perspectives, such as authenticity, are also introduced. Marginal notes, some tongue-in-cheek, liven up the discussion and new references ensure its currency.

Context Dependence in Language, Action, and Cognition

Tadeusz Ciecierski,Paweł Grabarczyk
Context Dependence in Language Action and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Tadeusz Ciecierski,Paweł Grabarczyk
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110702286

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Context Dependence in Language, Action, and Cognition by Tadeusz Ciecierski,Paweł Grabarczyk Pdf

The phenomenon of context dependence is so multifaceted that it is tempting to classify it as hetergenous. It is especially evident in the case of the difference between context dependence as understood in the philosophy of language and context dependence as understood in the philosophy of mind. One of the aims of the present volume is to show that as varied as the phenomenon of context dependence is, the similarities between its different manifestations are profound and undeniable. More importantly, as evidenced in a number of papers presented on the subsequent pages of this volume, a broad perspective on the phenomenon of context dependence helps us to re-apply theories devised for one of the subfields of philosophy to the other subfields. Since the connections and analogies between many uses of contextualism may not be initially obvious, keeping an open perspective and the willingness to learn from the work of others may sometimes be crucial for finding new, satisfactory solutions.

Memory and Cognition in Its Social Context

Robert S. Wyer, Jr.,Thomas K. Srull
Memory and Cognition in Its Social Context Book PDF

Author : Robert S. Wyer, Jr.,Thomas K. Srull
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317784012

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Memory and Cognition in Its Social Context by Robert S. Wyer, Jr.,Thomas K. Srull Pdf

The first comprehensive theoretical formulation of the way people use information they receive about their social environments to make judgments and behavioral decisions, this volume focuses on the cognitive processes that underlie the use of social information. These include initial interpretation, the representations used to make inferences, and the transformation of these subjective inferences into overt judgment and behavior. In addition, it specifies the role of affect and emotion in information processing, and the role of self-knowledge at different stages of processing. The theoretical model presented here is the first to provide a conceptual integration of existing theory and research in all phases of social information processing. It not only accounts for the major portion of existing research findings, but permits several hypotheses to be generated concerning phenomena that have not yet been empirically investigated. Although focused here on the processing of information about people and events, the formulation proposed has implications for other domains such as personnel appraisal, political decision making, and consumer behavior.

The Multicontext Approach to Cognitive Rehabilitation

Joan Toglia,Erin R Foster
The Multicontext Approach to Cognitive Rehabilitation Book PDF

Author : Joan Toglia,Erin R Foster
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1662903111

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The Multicontext Approach to Cognitive Rehabilitation by Joan Toglia,Erin R Foster Pdf

This text provides practical information, tools and resources for implementation of the Multicontext Approach (MC) in cognitive rehabilitation. The Multicontext approach is uniquely designed to promote and enhance cognitive strategy use, self-awareness and self-monitoring skills across everyday activities in a way that maximizes functional outcomes for people with cognitive impairments due to acquired brain injury and other health conditions. Assembled by a leading worldwide expert in cognitive rehabilitation, this is the first comprehensive volume that integrates Multicontext treatment principles, evidence and guidelines all in one place and provides "how to" information to guide clinical practice and research. Organized into 3 sections, the first part provides foundational knowledge and clinical examples of the impact of cognitive impairments on functional performance and includes tools for observing, analyzing, and interpreting cognitive performance within daily life activities. The second part provides in-depth coverage of the Multicontext approach including theoretical concepts, strategies to address different cognitive performance problems, and detailed guidelines for using a structured metacognitive framework, guided learning techniques, and structuring treatment activities along a transfer continuum to optimize generalization or carryover of learning. The final part of the book provides additional clinical scenarios and case examples to illustrate how the Multicontext approach can be tailored to meet individual needs across a wide range of clinical problems and settings as well as within interprofessional teams. This landmark publication is an essential resource for occupational therapy practitioners, students, clinical neuropsychologists, researchers, and other healthcare professionals who work within the field of cognitive rehabilitation in inpatient, outpatient or community-based settings. In a large-size format for easy photocopying, this invaluable book features an extensive appendix with a full of a range of learning exercises and reflective activities, summaries, observational tools, training guides, clinical examples, treatment forms and worksheets that can be reproduced for clinical practice to enable readers to carry out these methods with their clients. Purchasers obtain access to a Web page where they can download and print reproducible materials from appendices.

The Aging Mind

National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging
The Aging Mind Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2000-04-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309172196

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The Aging Mind by National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging Pdf

Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.