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Author : Emily M. Haymes,Christine L. Wells
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Adaptation (Physiology)
ISBN : STANFORD:36105003993131
Author : Jason Kring,John Barnett,Peter Suedfeld
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2011-03-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0754675823
Human Performance in Extreme Environments focuses on the physiological, psychological and social factors that affect how people live and work in a number of extreme settings and occupations. It offers readers a unique balance between factual information derived from scientific research and observations based on the experience and anecdotal reports of men and women who work in such environments. The book also discusses specific occupations in which people are exposed to hazardous and unusual conditions, such as firefighting, search and rescue, and military combat. In addition to reviewing extreme environments and related occupations, the primary purpose of the book is to highlight the similarities and differences between such settings and demonstrate that lessons learned from one environment can be applied to other environments. Ultimately, it is intended that this volume will serve as a valuable reference and help lower the boundaries between different domains and organizations in order to improve our collective understanding of human performance in severely challenging environments. Each chapter follows the same format to facilitate its use as a reference source, to help readers find information easily under a consistent heading structure. All chapters are written by at least one academic author together with an author with applied or "real world" experience in the environment or occupation. Human Performance in Extreme Environments will appeal to researchers, students, practitioners and anyone with an interest in how people react to and perform under physically and mentally challenging conditions.
Author : Barbara G. Kanki,Jean-Francois Clervoy,Gro Sandal
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 944 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780081018705
Space Safety and Human Performance provides a comprehensive reference for engineers and technical managers within aerospace and high technology companies, space agencies, operators, and consulting firms. The book draws upon the expertise of the world’s leading experts in the field and focuses primarily on humans in spaceflight, but also covers operators of control centers on the ground and behavior aspects of complex organizations, thus addressing the entire spectrum of space actors. During spaceflight, human performance can be deeply affected by physical, psychological and psychosocial stressors. Strict selection, intensive training and adequate operational rules are used to fight performance degradation and prepare individuals and teams to effectively manage systems failures and challenging emergencies. The book is endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS). Provides information on critical aspects of human performance in space missions Addresses the issue of human performance, from physical and psychosocial stressors that can degrade performance, to selection and training principles and techniques to enhance performance Brings together essential material on: cognition and human error; advanced analysis methods such as human reliability analysis; environmental challenges and human performance in space missions; critical human factors and man/machine interfaces in space systems design; crew selection and training; and organizational behavior and safety culture Includes an endorsement by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS)
Author : Ken Parsons
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2007-03-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781420025248
Our responses to our thermal environment have a considerable effect on our performance and behavior, not least in the realm of work. There has been considerable scientific investigation of these responses and formal methods have been developed for environmental evaluation and design. In recent years these have been developed to the extent that detailed national and international standards of practice have now become feasible. This new edition of Ken Parson's definitive text brings us back up to date. He covers hot, moderate and cold environments, and defines these in terms of six basic parameters: air temperature, radiate temperature, humidity, air velocity, clothing worn, and the person's activity. There is a focus on the principles and practice of human response, which incorporates psychology, physiology and environmental physics with applied ergonomics. Water requirements, computer modeling and computer-aided design are brought in, as are current standards. Special populations, such as the aged or disabled and specialist environments such as those found in vehicles are also considered. This book continues to be the standard text for the design of environments for humans to live and work safely, comfortably and effectively, and for the design of materials which help the same people cope with their environments.
Author : Sidney Dekker
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781482242003
The second edition of a bestseller, Safety Differently: Human Factors for a New Era is a complete update of Ten Questions About Human Error: A New View of Human Factors and System Safety. Today, the unrelenting pace of technology change and growth of complexity calls for a different kind of safety thinking. Automation and new technologies have resu
Author : Yutaka Tochihara,Tadakatsu Ohnaka
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005-04-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080455709
Environmental Ergonomics addresses the problems of maintaining human comfort, activity and health in stressful environments. Its subject areas include thermal environments, illumination, noise and hypo- and hyperbaric environments. The book concentrates fundamentally on the way the thermal environment has affected human comfort, health and performance from the age of cave-dwellings to our age of skyscrapers. This book contains only papers selected from the 10th ICEE held in Japan 23-27 September 2002. The ICEE has been held biannually since 1982, and has firmly established itself as the world’s most distinguished conference in its field, offering the ideal forum for research scientists, medical doctors, engineers, administrators, technicians, healthcare professionals and students to share their work and ideas. Selected papers from the 10th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics held in Japan, 23-27 September 2002. They have been revised and peer-reviewed. Papers included in this text have been widely recognised as the catalyst for the recent advances witnessed in Environmental Ergonomics in Asia. They strike a balance between academia and industries' views on environmental ergonomics. Add this volume to your copy of the Elsevier Ergonomics Book Series.
Author : Thomas J. Smith,Robert A. Henning,Michael G. Wade,Thomas Fisher
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014-08-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781466579712
Understanding the conditions under which variability in performance may arise, and the processes related to its emergence, gives us insight into the development of techniques for improving the quality of performance. Variability in Human Performance details the scientific and the practical implications of human performance variability by providing a broad perspective on how and why such variability occurs across a number of disciplinary domains. The text takes an approach that rests upon the idea of context, or design, specificity in performance, namely that variability in performance is closely referenced to design factors in the environment in which performance is occurring. An exploration of the link between variability and related processes, the book introduces a comprehensive framework for understanding human performance variability, presented in terms of how human control of behavior is closely tied to design factors in the performance environment. The authors introduce empirical evidence, as well as practical examples and application areas, in support of this framework. The book begins with coverage of neurobiological and biomechanical basis of movement variability, then examines rich and extensive empirical evidence available for context specificity in cognitive performance and learning, as a basis for cognitive performance variability. The book then reviews the evidence for context specificity in: Student learning Displaced feedback conditions Human error behavior Affective performance Social and team performance The authors also explore work performance as influenced by complex sociotechnical systems and as a basis for performance variability, applying control systems concepts to an interpretation of the nature and basis of performance variability in all of these domains. They conclude by taking an evolutionary perspective on the origins and behavioral significance of human performance variability. The book then provides strategies on how individuals, groups, and organizations can significantly reduce variability in human performance that often leads to systems failures.
Author : Cecilia Berlin,Caroline Adams
Publisher : Ubiquity Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781911529132
Production ergonomics – the science and practice of designing industrial workplaces to optimize human well-being and system performance – is a complex challenge for a designer. Humans are a valuable and flexible resource in any system of creation, and as long as they stay healthy, alert and motivated, they perform well and also become more competent over time, which increases their value as a resource. However, if a system designer is not mindful or aware of the many threats to health and system performance that may emerge, the end result may include inefficiency, productivity losses, low working morale, injuries and sick-leave. To help budding system designers and production engineers tackle these design challenges holistically, this book offers a multi-faceted orientation in the prerequisites for healthy and effective human work. We will cover physical, cognitive and organizational aspects of ergonomics, and provide both the individual human perspective and that of groups and populations, ending up with a look at global challenges that require workplaces to become more socially and economically sustainable. This book is written to give you a warm welcome to the subject, and to provide a solid foundation for improving industrial workplaces to attract and retain healthy and productive staff in the long run.
Author : Peter A. Hancock
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1999-04-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 008053421X
Human Performance and Ergonomics brings together a comprehensive and modern account of how the context of performance is crucial to understanding behavior. Environment provides both constraints and opportunities to individuals, such that external conditions may have reciprocal or interactive effects on behavior. The book begins with an account of research in human factors and engineering, with application of research to real world environments, methodological concerns, and rumination on current and future trends. The book proceeds to how technology has moved from being designed to help human physical survival to helping humans achieve "quality of life" improvements. Real world examples are explored in detail including hearing technology, driving, and aviation. Issues of control, maneuvering, and planning are discussed in conjunction with how intention and expectancy affect behavior. The fit between human and environment is examined as a dynamic interaction, and many chapters address the all important human-machine communication, particularly that between humans and computers. The book closes with a reminder that even our technological environment is filled with other people, with whom we must interact personally or via technology, to achieve our larger goals. Teamwork is thus discussed for its integration of cognitive, behavioral, and affective components toward our achieving desired aims. * Includes the application of research in human factors in engineering to real world environments * Discussion of both current and future trends is included * Real-world examples of how technology is now helping humans to achieve "quality of life" improvements are explored in detail including hearing technology, driving and aviation * Many chapters examine the all important human/machine communication, particularly human-computer interaction (HCI)
Author : Barry S. Levy,Jonathan A. Patz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2024-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780197683316
Global climate change represents one of the most important public health challenges facing the world today. Climate change causes a wide range of adverse health effects including heat-related disorders, infectious diseases, respiratory and allergic disorders, and malnutrition. Further mitigation and adaptation efforts are necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve both human and planetary health alike. Climate Change and Public Health offers a clear guide to the health consequences of climate change and the available preventative measures. Written by leading scholars and practitioners in the fields of climate science and medicine, this comprehensive volume introduces the health impacts of climate change with chapters covering topics such as heat-related disorders, food insecurity, mental health impacts, and climate-related violence. It describes the relevant policymaking processes and features policies intended to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions across sectors including energy and transportation. Further chapters highlight modern adaptation measures for the consequences of climate change and offer evolving methods for adaptation and mitigation new to this second edition. Most importantly, Climate Change and Public Health promotes a climate justice framework with crucial insights for strengthening the public and political will to address climate change. Now updated with key developments in mitigation and adaptation from the last decade, this second edition of Climate Change and Public Health offers an engaging overview of climate change and its health consequences alongside evolving methods for climate resilience.
Author : Hanns-Christian Gunga
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128159439
Human Physiology in Extreme Environments, Second Edition, offers evidence on how human biology and physiology is affected by extreme environments, also highlighting technological innovations that allow us to adapt and regulate environments. Covering a broad range of extreme environments, including high altitude, underwater, tropical climates, desert climates, arctic climates and space travel, the book also includes case studies that can be used to illustrate practical application. Graduate students, medical students and researchers will find this to be an interesting, informative and useful resource for human physiology, environmental physiology and medical studies. Includes coverage of current global challenges and their consequences on human physiology and performance Presents human physiological challenges in extreme environments Provides an excellent source of information on paleontological and anthropological aspects Offers practical medical and scientific uses of current concepts
Author : Dennis A. Vincenzi,Mustapha Mouloua,Peter A. Hancock
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2005-01-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135604332
In 2000, the Conference on Automation joined forces with a partner group on situation awareness (SA). The rising complexity of systems demands that one can be aware of a large range of environmental and task-based stimulation in order to match what is done with what has to be done. Thus, SA and automation-based interaction fall naturally together and this conference is the second embodiment of this union. Moving into the 21st century, further diversification of the applications of automation will continue--for example, the revolution in genetic technology. Given the broad nature of this form of human-machine interaction, it is vital to apply past lessons to map a future for the symbiotic relationship between humans and the artifacts they create. It is as part of this ongoing endeavor that the present volume is offered.
Author : James E. Driskell,Eduardo Salas
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134771899
The pace of life in our high technology world has quickened. Industries that do not become more efficient, often by requiring a faster production turnaround with less slack, are superseded. Because of this, workers face an environment in which they must perform under more time pressure and under greater task load, in which stress is more prevalent, and in which consequences of poor performance are more critical than ever before. The dominant, if unstated, psychoanalytic paradigm underlying much stress research over the past fifty years has led to an emphasis on coping and defense mechanisms and to a preoccupation with disordered behavior and illness. Accordingly, almost any book with "stress" in the title will invariably devote a considerable amount of pages to topics such as stress-related disorders, clinical interventions, stress and coping, psychopathology, illness, and health issues. This book presents basic and applied research that addresses the effects of acute stress on performance. There are a large number of applied settings that share the commonalities of high demand, high risk performance conditions, including aviation; military operations; nuclear, chemical, and other industrial settings; emergency medicine; mining; firefighting; and police work, as well as everyday settings in which individuals face stressors such as noise, time pressure, and high task load. This book focuses directly on the effects of acute stress-- defined as intense, novel stress of limited duration--on performance. The effects of stress on task performance, decision making, and team interaction are discussed, as well as the interventions used to overcome them.
Author : Stefaniak, Jill E.
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781466683310
Management professionals regularly seek new, cost-effective ways to influence employee behavior to advance productivity and competency within their organization. While best practices are often taught in the classroom, many students lack an understanding of the real world challenges professionals face. Cases on Human Performance Improvement Technologies presents a collection of teaching cases that demonstrate the real-world application of digital tools for human performance enhancement across a variety of settings. Utilizing a problem-based instructional technique, the cases presented in this publication include the challenges and solutions industry professionals encounter. This publication is an essential reference source for educators, upper level students, and practitioners in the fields of human-computer interaction, organizational development, educational technology, and business management.
Author : Erica Keswin
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-09-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781260118100
WALL STREET JOURNAL BESTSELLER The secret to business success? Get REAL and be HUMAN! As human beings, we are built to connect and form relationships. So, it should be no surprise that relationships must also translate into the workplace, where we spend most of our time! Companies that recognize this will retain the most productive, creative, and loyal employees, and invariably seize the competitive edge. The most successful leaders are those who actively form quality relationships with their employees, who honor fundamental human qualities—authenticity, openness, and basic politeness—and apply them day in and day out. Paying attention and genuinely caring about the effects people have on one another other is key to developing a winning culture where people perform at the top of their game and want to work. As a workplace strategist and business coach, Erica Keswin has spent over 20 years working with top business leaders and executives to build successful organizations that honor relationships. Featuring case studies from top brands such as, Lyft, Starbucks, Mogul, and SoulCycle, to name a few, Bring Your Human to Work distills the key practices of the most human companies into applicable advice that any business leader can use to build a “human workplace.” These building blocks include: • Understanding your company’s role in the world, beyond financial profit • Encouraging employees to be healthy in body and spirit • Running your meetings with clear purpose • Making space for face-to-face interaction • Building professional development into company culture • Inspiring your workforce to give back to the community • Simply saying “thank you” A human company is real, genuine, aligned, and true to itself. A real company flaunts its humanity, instead of hiding it. It’s what the most successful, sustainable companies are doing today, and there’s no reason yours can’t be the same. Keswin’s leadership lessons foster fairness, devotion, and joy in the workplace—all critical elements of a successful business. By bringing your human to work, you can design a workplace that is good for people, great for business, and just might change the world.