Exploring The Nexus Doctrine In International Tax Law

Author : Ajit Kumar Singh
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403533643

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Exploring the Nexus Doctrine In International Tax Law by Ajit Kumar Singh Pdf

In an age when cross-border business transactions are increasingly effected without the transference of physical products, revenue concerns of states have led to a multitude of tax disputes based on the concept of ‘nexus’. This important and timely book is the most authoritative to date to discuss one of the major tax topics of our time – the question of how taxing rights on income generated from cross-border activities in the digital age should be allocated among jurisdictions. Demonstrating in prodigious depth that it is the economic nexus of the tax entity or activity with the state, and not the physical nexus, which meets the jurisdictional requirement, the author – a leading authority on this area who is a Senior Commissioner of Income Tax and a Member of the Dispute Resolution Panel of the Government of India – addresses such dimensions of the subject as the following: whether a strict territorial nexus as a normative principle is ingrained in source rule jurisprudence; detailed scrutiny of such classical doctrines as benefit theory, neutrality theory, and internation equity; comparative critique of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United Nation (UN) model tax treaties; whether international law and customary principles mandate a strict territorial link with the source state for the assumption of tax jurisdiction; whether the economic nexus-based tax jurisdiction and absence of a physical presence breach the constitutional doctrine of extraterritoriality or due process; and whether retrospective tax legislation breaches the principle of constitutional fairness. The book offers a politically informed analysis of the nexus principle and balances the dynamics of physical presence and economic nexus standards, based on an in-depth survey of the historical evolution of judicial pronouncements and international practices in this regard. Dr Singh’s book exposes an urgently needed missing link in the international source rule literature and takes a giant step towards solving the thorny question of appropriate tax apportionment. It sheds brilliant light on the policies states may adopt when signing new tax treaties, so that unintended results may be foreseen and avoided. Tax practitioners, taxation authorities, and academic researchers in the field of international tax law and policy will greatly appreciate the book’s forthright enhancement of the ability to defend challenges based on the nexus doctrine.

Author : Chunyang Zhang
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2022-08-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403537627

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The Role of Tax Law in Mergers and Acquisitions by Chunyang Zhang Pdf

Series on International Taxation, Volume 82 The economic value of China’s mergers and acquisitions (M&A) market is exceeded only by that of the United States. However, China’s rapid and somewhat chaotic economic transformation has made the task of taxing M&A transactions in a consistent and prudent manner difficult, leading to a patchwork of fragmented rules that are hard to grasp not only for taxpayers but even for tax professionals and tax officials. Responding to this complex situation, this groundbreaking book explores in detail how income derived from M&A transactions is taxed in China. Using empirical studies in order to provide a first-hand understanding of the context in which the tax law operates, the book critically examines China’s income tax regime for M&A and, based upon this examination, sets out reform proposals. In six informative chapters of great practical relevance, the author thoroughly describes and explains the intersection of such aspects as the following: M&A transactions in the eyes of tax law; disparities between ordinary and special tax treatment; eligibility for special tax treatment; applying taxation principles such as neutrality and equity; continuity of interest doctrine; stock acquisition versus asset acquisition; and adjustment to tax basis. In addition to its empirical research, the analysis makes use of an examination of the rules and theories on taxing M&A in other jurisdictions such as Australia and the United States as part of its proposed blueprint for improving China’s M&A taxation. Drawing on commonly recognized taxation principles, this book definitively sets up the normative criteria for evaluating the income taxation of M&A and reveals the fundamental problems encountered by China’s current regime. Its comprehensive analysis of the Chinese income tax rules for M&A and detailed disclosure of how they are both divergent from and convergent with that of some other major economies will prove of immeasurable value to in-house counsel for multinational corporations, business enterprises with interests in China, taxation consultants, taxation academics, and taxation authorities worldwide.

Author : Rachna Matabudul
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2023-11-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403534176

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Tax Treaty Dispute Resolution by Rachna Matabudul Pdf

Stakeholders in the international taxation community agree that existing dispute resolution processes are in serious need of improvement, and a global consensus must be achieved. This book offers a potential restructuring of the tax treaty dispute resolution system based on a comparative analysis of the dispute resolution mechanisms under tax treaties, as prescribed in the OECD and UN models, on the one hand, and the UN Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) on the other. This comparative study is the first of its kind and is premised on certain key geopolitical similarities that underpin the international tax regime (ITR) and the law of the sea regime while taking into consideration the differences in the institutional context of both regimes. The author proposes a new tax treaty dispute resolution system based on the LOSC system for resolving multilateral tax disputes, focusing on the following: mapping of the institutional arrangements that make up the dispute resolution mechanisms to understand how each system works; comparative analysis of the patterns of interaction and outcomes generated across the two dispute resolution systems to identify relevant aspects of the LOSC system that may be adapted in the ITR to improve tax treaty dispute resolution; and analysis of the inclusivity levels across the decision-making structures under each system to identify specific consensus-building techniques that may facilitate the implementation of the new proposed tax treaty dispute resolution system and also enhance international cooperation across the ITR. The proposed restructuring of the tax treaty dispute resolution system expands the existing mutual agreement procedure and forms a comprehensive legal framework that aims to achieve a more effective, predictable and equitable resolution of multilateral tax disputes in the 21st-century ITR by striking a balance between countries’ right to tax sovereignty and the rule of law. Just as the design of the dispute resolution system under the LOSC paved the way for universal consensus of the Convention among almost 160 countries, the author’s new tax treaty dispute resolution system also offers a solid foundation for consensus-building towards a universal treaty in the ITR. Everyone concerned with international tax dispute resolution – whether policymaker, in-house counsel, national tax authority official, judge, tax lawyer or academic – will find the truly valuable analysis here, not elsewhere.

Author : Leopoldo Parada
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2023-12-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403546766

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Double non-taxation and the use of hybrid entities by Leopoldo Parada Pdf

The topics of double non-taxation and hybrid entities have acquired particular importance in a context where transformations in the tax world have led to international commitments materialised in the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. In what is the first systematic in-depth analysis of the OECD BEPS Action Plan 2 and hybrid entities, this timely book provides a critical review of the approach adopted by the OECD and proposes a deeply informed alternative method to deal with the problem of hybrid entity mismatches. The author analyses the interaction between the double non-taxation outcome and the use of hybrid entities in an approach not strictly linked to any specific tax jurisdiction. To this end, the analysis includes case studies and examples from a range of jurisdictions emphasising the international tax context, also including the application of tax treaties. Among the seminal matters covered in this edition are the following: foundations of the concepts of double non-taxation and hybrid entities; extensive analysis based on the rules of characterisation of foreign entities for tax purposes in the United States, Spain, Denmark, and Germany, as well as on the Poland/United States and Canada/United States tax treaties; in-depth analysis of the implications of Article 1(2) OECD Model Tax Convention and Article 3(1) Multilateral Instrument (MLI), especially considering the position of developing (source) countries; detailed analysis of the OECD BEPS Action 2 and its recommendations (linking rules), including its implementation in the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD); and elaborated alternative method to deal with hybrid entity mismatches (reactive coordination rule), which is informed by the tax policy aims of simplicity, coherence, and administrability. Detailed comparisons between the author’s proposal and other existing rules elucidate common points and deviations. If merely for its unparalleled clarification of the issues, this book will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners, tax authorities, policymakers and academics concerned with international tax law. Beyond that, as an authoritative guide that promises to reorient the discussion to what really matters in the debate regarding hybrid entity mismatches, this analysis elaborates solutions applicable to a generality of cases worldwide and, therefore, hugely promotes the urgent quest for alternative views.

Author : Sergio André Rocha,Allison Christians
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-29
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041194299

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A Multilateral Convention for Tax by Sergio André Rocha,Allison Christians Pdf

The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI) is the most forceful multilateral initiative to coordinate tax regimes on a worldwide basis since the dawn of modern income taxation over a century ago. This book evaluates two radically opposed viewpoints on the convention—a momentous and revolutionary paradigm shift versus a mechanism that merely continues an ongoing flow of limited policy coordination—with detailed investigations that bring to life the hopes and the realities of the current era of multilateral tax cooperation. Bringing together authors from national jurisdictions across the globe to scrutinize the MLI and its likely future ramifications, the book provides in-depth commentary and analysis in the following sequence: first, a comprehensive discussion of the design and goals of the MLI as a treaty and an institutional framework; second, an overview of the structure of the convention and its take-up across the globe to date; and third, the substantive implementation of the MLI with a wide range of country reports. Practice areas covered include tax law, international law, and international relations. The legal workings and implications of the MLI might still seem mysterious to those whose daily work is impacted by it, and there is as yet little jurisprudence regarding its legal nature or ultimate effect on the bilateral treaties coming within its scope. For these reasons, this pathbreaking book will be warmly welcomed by in-house counsel and law firms advising cross-border investors and firms; nongovernmental organizations involved in policy analysis and issue advocacy; researchers working on technical areas of international tax law; and lawyers interested in international policymaking, including the creation and diffusion of consensus-based fiscal and related regulatory norms across jurisdictions of differing development levels.

Author : Rita Julien
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-13
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403523644

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Credit Method Compatibility and Constraints under EU Law by Rita Julien Pdf

As European Union (EU) Member States seek to counteract base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) practices while avoiding new obstacles to the EU’s internal market such as double taxation, the credit method, also known as the foreign tax credit, is one of the essential tools in this balancing act, yet it is one that has given rise to various EU law challenges and questions. This invaluable book – the first in-depth study of the EU law constraints on designing the credit method – delineates the EU law boundaries within which the Member States must operate when they implement this method of tax relief. For the first time, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) cases that may affect, directly or indirectly, the credit method and its main components are systematically identified and analysed in order to extract the legal findings and principles that define the contours within which the Member States can manoeuvre when considering EU-compatible approaches to the credit method. To this end, among others, this book offers: an extensive study of the historical legal developments of the credit method; an overview of the key design features of the credit method, considering the optional, variable components, such as the credit limitation (maximum creditable amount), that tailor it to different legal and policy considerations; an analysis of the legal constraints on the key features of the credit method flowing from CJEU case law on the fundamental freedoms, considering the impact of landmark cases and concepts (e.g., Schumacker, neutralization); the EU law implications based on the type of credit method (direct, indirect, imputation) and the feature of the credit method (e.g., credit limitation, credit carryforward); and examples to clearly and concisely illustrate the basic operation of the credit method and some of the main calculation and EU law issues. The author’s doctoral dissertation, on which the book is based, was awarded the Wolfgang Gassner Science Prize 2020 and the European Doctoral Tax Thesis Award 2020. As a timely, comprehensive and practical study of the relationship between the credit method and EU law, this book will be welcomed by lawyers and other professionals working with taxation matters, as well as by tax policymakers and academics in the fields of international and European tax law.

Author : John Abrahamson
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-02-20
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403510958

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International Taxation of Banking by John Abrahamson Pdf

Banking is an increasingly global business, with a complex network of international transactions within multinational groups and with international customers. This book provides a thorough, practical analysis of international taxation issues as they affect the banking industry. Thoroughly explaining banking’s significant benefits and risks and its taxable activities, the book’s broad scope examines such issues as the following: taxation of dividends and branch profits derived from other countries; transfer pricing and branch profit attribution; taxation of global trading activities; tax risk management; provision of services and intangible property within multinational groups; taxation treatment of research and development expenses; availability of tax incentives such as patent box tax regimes; swaps and other derivatives; loan provisions and debt restructuring; financial technology (FinTech); group treasury, interest flows, and thin capitalisation; tax havens and controlled foreign companies; and taxation policy developments and trends. Case studies show how international tax analysis can be applied to specific examples. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (OECD BEPS) measures and how they apply to banking taxation are discussed. The related provisions of the OECD Model Tax Convention are analysed in detail. The banking industry is characterised by rapid change, including increased diversification with new banking products and services, and the increasing significance of activities such as shadow banking outside current regulatory regimes. For all these reasons and more, this book will prove to be an invaluable springboard for problem solving and mastering international taxation issues arising from banking. The book will be welcomed by corporate counsel, banking law practitioners, and all professionals, officials, and academics concerned with finance and its tax ramifications.

Author : Peter Harris,David Oliver
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 0521853117

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International Commercial Tax by Peter Harris,David Oliver Pdf

Inspired by a postgraduate course the authors have jointly taught at the University of Cambridge since 2001, Peter Harris and David Oliver use their divergent backgrounds (academia and tax practice) to build a conceptual framework that not only makes the tax treatment of complex commercial transactions understandable and accessible, but also challenges the current orthodoxy of international tax norms. Designed specifically for postgraduate students and junior practitioners, it challenges the reader to think about tax issues conceptually and holistically, while illustrating the structure with practical examples. Senior tax practitioners and academics will also find it useful as a means of refreshing their understanding of the basics and the conceptual framework will challenge them to think more deeply about tax issues.

Author : Guglielmo Maisto
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9087225989

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Current Tax Treaty Issues by Guglielmo Maisto Pdf

Author : Morten Walløe Tvedt,Tomme R. Young
Publisher : IUCN
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Convention on Biological Diversity
ISBN : 9782831709802

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Beyond Access by Morten Walløe Tvedt,Tomme R. Young Pdf

Fewer than 11% of CBD Parties have adopted substantive ABS law, and nearly all of these are developing countries, focusing almost entirely on the 'access' side of the equation. Most of the CBD's specific ABS obligations, however, relate to the other side of the equation-benefit sharing. This book considers the full range of ABS obligations, and how existing tools in user countries' national law can be used to achieve the CBD's third objective. It examines the laws of those user countries which have either declared that their ABS obligations are satisfied by existing national law, or have begun legislative development; the requirements, weaknesses and gaps in achieving benefit-sharing objectives; and the ways in which new or existing legal tools can be applied to these requirements.

Author : Brigitte Alepin,Lyne Latulippe,Louise Otis
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403537603

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Coordination and Cooperation by Brigitte Alepin,Lyne Latulippe,Louise Otis Pdf

Series on International Taxation #81 The tax landscape today looks dramatically different from how it appeared even a generation ago. Ongoing sweeping changes in information technologies, massive economic downturns, unforeseen catastrophes such as the global pandemic that hit the world in 2020, and ever more sophisticated methods of tax evasion and avoidance are only some of the factors that have perplexed and even confounded tax authorities. This important book provides a comprehensive overview of the global tax challenges confronting tax policy today, with insightful contributions by both well-known tax experts and fresh new voices in the field. The authors address such critical issues as the following: international tax reform initiatives; effects of climate change; tax justice in times of crisis; international tax cooperation; taxing multinationals; role of tax havens; participation and collaboration of developing countries; the growing presence of artificial intelligence and robots; prospects for a green economic recovery; and tax ethics and social inclusiveness. The contributions originated with the groundbreaking tax summit TaxCOOP2020, held online at the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic in October 2020. At a time when tax policy seems poised at the dawn of a fundamental transformation, this inestimable volume will be welcomed by tax practitioners and academics, concerned government officials, businesspeople, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), all of whom will here have access to a variety of points of view and innovative approaches to the future direction of taxation.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789004423268

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New Zealand Yearbook of International Law by Anonim Pdf

The New Zealand Yearbook of International Law provides legal materials and critical commentary on issues of international law, addressing trends, state practice and policies in the development of international law in New Zealand, the South Pacific, Antarctica and globally. This Yearbook covers the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018.

Author : Rajiv Biswas
Publisher : Commonwealth Secretariat
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0850926882

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International Tax Competition by Rajiv Biswas Pdf

Many Commonwealth developing countries are potentially affected by the EU and OECD initiatives to regulate international tax competition. These articles by experts from Commonwealth countries discuss the concerns of affected nations, covering globalisation, fiscal sovereignty, WTO issues and more.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264202719

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Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting by OECD Pdf

This action plan, created in response to a request by the G20, identifies a set of domestic and international actions to address the problems of base erosion and profit sharing.

Author : Québec (Province)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1889
Category : Law reports, digests, etc
ISBN : HARVARD:HL4GRK

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Civil Code of Lower Canada by Québec (Province) Pdf