Grammatical Gender In English

Author : Charles Jones
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-03
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317419396

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Grammatical Gender in English by Charles Jones Pdf

First published in 1988, this book explores the grammatical loss of gender in English. It demonstrates that from the end of the Old English period, there was a considerable time period, of about three hundred years, during which there existed "echoes" of the gender classification of nouns. The study records the best known conclusions concerning the behaviour of anaphoric pronouns under grammatical gender "stress" in the late Old English and Middle English periods. It focuses on a discussion of attributive word morphology in the noun phrase.

Author : Muhammad Hasan Ibrahim
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-01-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110905397

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Grammatical Gender by Muhammad Hasan Ibrahim Pdf

Author : Barbara Unterbeck,Matti Rissanen,Terttu Nevalainen,Mirja Saari
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 884 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2011-07-20
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110802603

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Gender in Grammar and Cognition by Barbara Unterbeck,Matti Rissanen,Terttu Nevalainen,Mirja Saari Pdf

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.

Author : Snejana Iovtcheva
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2007-12-13
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783638876223

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The loss of grammatical gender in the history of english by Snejana Iovtcheva Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: A, Syracuse University (USA) (USA: Syracuse University), 6 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This paper analyzes the question of how and why grammatical gender got lost in English. In order to do so, it reviews the recent literature on gender shifts in Old English and Middle English. The paper identifies several theoretical explanations based on both diachronic studies of English and general theoretical studies of gender. More concretely, the paper discusses the work of Greville Corbett (1991) on gender, Anne Curzan’s (2003) analysis on gender shifts in the history of English, and Charles Jones’s (1988) assumption of a possible paradigm shift in Old English. At the same time, older studies are given as an example for why certain premises did not work in the past. The paper first coments the relationship of English within the language families, provides a linguistic definition of grammatical gender, and describes major properties of the Modern English gender systems as well as those of the Old English gender system. It looks at the morphological and syntactic changes that triggered a shift in the English gender system. It is argued that not only external changes but also an underlying paradigm shift induced the demise of grammatical gender in Old English. In addition, the role of the personal pronouns is analyzed. According to Curzan (2003) and Corbett (1991) the role of the personal pronouns may prove to be the key in explaining the shift in the gender system.

Author : George Farrugia
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-09-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110612400

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Grammatical Gender in Maltese by George Farrugia Pdf

Is grammatical gender merely stored as a syntactic property of nouns, or is it computed according to a noun’s semantic, morphological and phonological properties every time it is required? In many languages, gender appears to resist systematic treatment and can even cause problems for non-native learners. Native speakers of these languages appear to have no difficulty in assigning the correct grammatical gender to thousands of nouns in their language. Being an offshoot of Arabic, Maltese inherited a system comprising two gender categories, masculine and feminine. Numerous nouns were introduced in Maltese through contact with Sicilian and subsequently with Italian, two languages that also have a masculine/feminine-based gender system. However, the more recent contact, with English, seems to have complicated matters. This work investigates how grammatical gender functions in Maltese, how native speakers apply different criteria to classify nouns, and how this choice is reflected in syntactic agreement. It also takes into consideration the wider psycholinguistic context that influences the choice of category, and provides valuable data for theories that seek to explain the linguistic categorization of nouns in various languages.

Author : Dennis E. Baron
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1986-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0300038836

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Grammar and Gender by Dennis E. Baron Pdf

Traces the history of sexual bias in the English language, examines attempts at reform, and discusses new words coined to reduce sexism in language

Author : Éric Mathieu,Myriam Dali,Gita Zareikar
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780192563200

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Gender and Noun Classification by Éric Mathieu,Myriam Dali,Gita Zareikar Pdf

This volume explores the many ways by which natural languages categorize nouns into genders or classes. A noun may belong to a given class because of its logical or symbolic similarities with other nouns, because it shares a similar morphological form with other nouns, or simply through an arbitrary convention. The aim of this book is to establish which functional or lexical categories are responsible for this type of classification, especially along the nominal syntactic spine. The book's contributors draw on data from a wide range of languages, including Amharic, French, Gitksan, Haro, Lithuanian, Japanese, Mi'kmaw, Persian, and Shona. Chapters examine where in the nominal structure gender is able to function as a classifying device, and how in the absence of gender, other functional elements in the nominal spine come to fill that gap. Other chapters focus on how gender participates in grammatical concord and agreement phenomena. The volume also discusses semantic agreement: hybrid agreement sometimes arises due to a distinction that grammars encode between natural gender on the one hand and grammatical gender on the other. The findings in the volume have significant implications for syntactic theory and theories of interpretation, and contribute to a greater understanding of the interplay between inflection and derivation. The volume will be of interest to theoretical linguists and typologists from advanced undergraduate level upwards.

Author : Shae Salisbury
Publisher : States Academic Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1639890106

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A Study of Grammatical Gender by Shae Salisbury Pdf

A specific form of noun class system that forms an agreement system with another aspect of language such as articles, adjectives, verbs and pronouns, is referred to as grammatical gender. The term noun class is sometimes used interchangeably with grammatical gender. Some of the prominent systems of gender contrast are masculine-feminine gender contrast, masculine-feminine-neuter gender contrast, animate-inanimate gender contrast and common-neuter gender contrast. In masculine-feminine contrast, nouns that indicate male persons or animals are of masculine gender and the nouns that denote only female persons or animals are of feminine gender. In cases where the gender of the noun is not specified, the sex is assigned in an arbitrary manner. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of grammatical gender. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. This book includes contributions of experts which will provide innovative insights into this field.

Author : George Farrugia
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110609721

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Grammatical Gender in Maltese by George Farrugia Pdf

Is grammatical gender merely stored as a syntactic property of nouns, or is it computed according to a noun’s semantic, morphological and phonological properties every time it is required? In many languages, gender appears to resist systematic treatment and can even cause problems for non-native learners. Native speakers of these languages appear to have no difficulty in assigning the correct grammatical gender to thousands of nouns in their language. Being an offshoot of Arabic, Maltese inherited a system comprising two gender categories, masculine and feminine. Numerous nouns were introduced in Maltese through contact with Sicilian and subsequently with Italian, two languages that also have a masculine/feminine-based gender system. However, the more recent contact, with English, seems to have complicated matters. This work investigates how grammatical gender functions in Maltese, how native speakers apply different criteria to classify nouns, and how this choice is reflected in syntactic agreement. It also takes into consideration the wider psycholinguistic context that influences the choice of category, and provides valuable data for theories that seek to explain the linguistic categorization of nouns in various languages.

Author : Anne Curzan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2003-04-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139436687

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Gender Shifts in the History of English by Anne Curzan Pdf

How and why did grammatical gender, found in Old English and in other Germanic languages, gradually disappear from English and get replaced by a system where the gender of nouns and the use of personal pronouns depend on the natural gender of the referent? How is this shift related to 'irregular agreement' (such as she for ships) and 'sexist' language use (such as generic he) in Modern English, and how is the language continuing to evolve in these respects? Anne Curzan's accessibly written and carefully researched study is based on extensive corpus data, and will make a major contribution by providing a historical perspective on these often controversial questions. It will be of interest to researchers and students in history of English, historical linguistics, corpus linguistics, language and gender, and medieval studies.

Author : Ash Corbett
Publisher : Murphy & Moore Publishing
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1639872663

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Grammatical Gender: Linguistic Research by Ash Corbett Pdf

Grammatical gender is a particular form of noun class system in which their division forms an agreement system with other features of the language, such as adjectives, verbs, articles or pronouns. It is used in about a quarter of the languages in the world. Most nouns in these languages inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The genders of a language are the values present in it. Some common gender divisions are masculine and feminine; masculine, feminine and neuter; and animate and inanimate. The gender assignment can be determined by the meaning, attributes, morphology or phonology. It can also be arbitrary. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of grammatical gender and the recent researches in this field. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to grammatical gender. This book will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this branch of linguistic research.

Author : Peter Siemund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 041554307X

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Pronominal Gender in English by Peter Siemund Pdf

This book investigates the use of English third person pronouns (he, she, it) across different varieties of English, where we frequently find he and she used for inanimate objects (the tree – he, the house – he, the bucket – he, but the water – it). It is the first book-length study of this subject. Varieties of English are discussed in the context of Germanic and Romance languages and dialects as well as a small sample of additional languages. The analysis is conducted within the framework set out by functional typology. The book's straightforward and illuminating generalization in terms of the well known hierarchy of individuation provides a systematic link between pronominal usage in Standard English and its varieties.

Author : Angeliki Alvanoudi
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789004283152

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Grammatical Gender in Interaction by Angeliki Alvanoudi Pdf

In Grammatical Gender in Interaction: Cultural and Cognitive Aspects Angeliki Alvanoudi explores the relation between grammatical gender in person reference, culture and cognition in Modern Greek conversation. The author investigates the cultural and cognitive aspects of grammatical gender, by drawing on feminist sociolinguistic and non-linguistic approaches, cognitive linguistics, research on linguistic relativity, studies on person reference in interaction and conversation analysis. The study presented in this book shows that the use of grammatical gender contributes to the routine achievement of sociocultural gender in interaction and that grammatical gender guides speakers’ thinking of referents as female or male at the time of speaking.

Author : Marlis Hellinger,Hadumod Bußmann
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2002-04-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027297662

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Gender Across Languages by Marlis Hellinger,Hadumod Bußmann Pdf

This is the second of a three-volume comprehensive reference work on “Gender across Languages”, which provides systematic descriptions of various categories of gender (grammatical, lexical, referential, social) in 30 languages of diverse genetic, typological and socio-cultural backgrounds. Among the issues discussed for each language are the following: What are the structural properties of the language that have an impact on the relations between language and gender? What are the consequences for areas such as agreement, pronominalisation and word-formation? How is specification of and abstraction from (referential) gender achieved in a language? Is empirical evidence available for the assumption that masculine/male expressions are interpreted as generics? Can tendencies of variation and change be observed, and have alternatives been proposed for a more equal linguistic treatment of women and men? This volume (and the previous two volumes) will provide the much-needed basis for explicitly comparative analyses of gender across languages. All chapters are original contributions and follow a common general outline developed by the editors. The book contains rich bibliographical and indexical material.Languages of Volume 2: Chinese, Dutch, Finnish, Hindi, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish, Vietnamese, Welsh.

Author : Florencia Franceschina
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2005-12-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027293985

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Fossilized Second Language Grammars by Florencia Franceschina Pdf

This monograph is a theoretical and empirical investigation into the mechanisms and causes of successful and unsuccessful adult second language acquisition.Couched within a generative framework, the study explores how a learner’s first language and the age at which they acquire their second language may contribute to the L2 knowledge that they can ultimately attain. The empirical study focuses on a group of very advanced L2 speakers, and through a series of tests aims to discover what underpins their near mastery of grammatical gender and other grammatical properties.The book explores an account of persistent selective divergence based on the idea that child and adult learners are fundamentally similar, except that in adults the L1 plays the role of a fairly rigid filter of the linguistic input. The impossibility of representing the new target language other than by using the building blocks of the previously established L1 is argued to be the main reason why near but not totally native like language representations are formed and become established in adult L2 learners.