Inside The World Of Computing

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World of Computing

Gerard O'Regan
World of Computing Book PDF

Author : Gerard O'Regan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319758442

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World of Computing by Gerard O'Regan Pdf

This engaging work provides a concise introduction to the exciting world of computing, encompassing the theory, technology, history, and societal impact of computer software and computing devices. Spanning topics from global conflict to home gaming, international business, and human communication, this text reviews the key concepts unpinning the technology which has shaped the modern world. Topics and features: introduces the foundations of computing, the fundamentals of algorithms, and the essential concepts from mathematics and logic used in computer science; presents a concise history of computing, discussing the historical figures who made important contributions, and the machines which formed major milestones; examines the fields of human−computer interaction, and software engineering; provides accessible introductions to the core aspects of programming languages, operating systems, and databases; describes the Internet revolution, the invention of the smartphone, and the rise of social media, as well as the Internet of Things and cryptocurrencies; explores legal and ethical aspects of computing, including issues of hacking and cybercrime, and the nature of online privacy, free speech and censorship; discusses such innovations as distributed systems, service-oriented architecture, software as a service, cloud computing, and embedded systems; includes key learning topics and review questions in every chapter, and a helpful glossary. Offering an enjoyable overview of the fascinating and broad-ranging field of computing, this easy-to-understand primer introduces the general reader to the ideas on which the digital world was built, and the historical developments that helped to form the modern age.

Inside the World of Computing

Jean-Loic Delhaye
Inside the World of Computing Book PDF

Author : Jean-Loic Delhaye
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781119821731

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Inside the World of Computing by Jean-Loic Delhaye Pdf

Computers and the Internet are an undeniable and inextricable part of our daily lives. This book is for those who wish to better understand how this came to be. It explores the technological bases of computers, networks, software and data management, leading to the development of four Âpillars on which the essential applications that have a strong impact on individuals and society are based: embedded systems, Artificial Intelligence, the Internet, image processing and vision. We will travel to the heart of major application areas: robotics, virtual reality, health, mobility, energy, the factory of the future, not forgetting the major questions that this Âdigitization can raise. This book is the authorÂs testimony after fifty years spent in environments that are very open to new technologies. It offers perspectives on the evolution of the digital world that we live in.

Computers in Our World, Today and Tomorrow

Sandy Hintz,Martin Hintz
Computers in Our World Today and Tomorrow Book PDF

Author : Sandy Hintz,Martin Hintz
Publisher : Franklin Watts
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1983-01-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0531046397

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Computers in Our World, Today and Tomorrow by Sandy Hintz,Martin Hintz Pdf

Describes the roles of computers, now and in the future, in the spheres of medicine, business and government, law enforcement, science and technology, entertainment, education, and the home. Includes a glossary of terms.

The Closed World

Paul N. Edwards
The Closed World Book PDF

Author : Paul N. Edwards
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262550288

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The Closed World by Paul N. Edwards Pdf

The Closed World offers a radically new alternative to the canonical histories of computers and cognitive science. Arguing that we can make sense of computers as tools only when we simultaneously grasp their roles as metaphors and political icons, Paul Edwards shows how Cold War social and cultural contexts shaped emerging computer technology--and were transformed, in turn, by information machines. The Closed World explores three apparently disparate histories--the history of American global power, the history of computing machines, and the history of subjectivity in science and culture--through the lens of the American political imagination. In the process, it reveals intimate links between the military projects of the Cold War, the evolution of digital computers, and the origins of cybernetics, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence. Edwards begins by describing the emergence of a "closed-world discourse" of global surveillance and control through high-technology military power. The Cold War political goal of "containment" led to the SAGE continental air defense system, Rand Corporation studies of nuclear strategy, and the advanced technologies of the Vietnam War. These and other centralized, computerized military command and control projects--for containing world-scale conflicts--helped closed-world discourse dominate Cold War political decisions. Their apotheosis was the Reagan-era plan for a " Star Wars" space-based ballistic missile defense. Edwards then shows how these military projects helped computers become axial metaphors in psychological theory. Analyzing the Macy Conferences on cybernetics, the Harvard Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, and the early history of artificial intelligence, he describes the formation of a "cyborg discourse." By constructing both human minds and artificial intelligences as information machines, cyborg discourse assisted in integrating people into the hyper-complex technological systems of the closed world. Finally, Edwards explores the cyborg as political identity in science fiction--from the disembodied, panoptic AI of 2001: A Space Odyssey, to the mechanical robots of Star Wars and the engineered biological androids of Blade Runner--where Information Age culture and subjectivity were both reflected and constructed. Inside Technology series

The World Computer

Jonathan Beller
The World Computer Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Beller
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781478012702

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The World Computer by Jonathan Beller Pdf

In The World Computer Jonathan Beller forcefully demonstrates that the history of commodification generates information itself. Out of the omnipresent calculus imposed by commodification, information emerges historically as a new money form. Investigating its subsequent financialization of daily life and colonization of semiotics, Beller situates the development of myriad systems for quantifying the value of people, objects, and affects as endemic to racial capitalism and computation. Built on oppression and genocide, capital and its technical result as computation manifest as racial formations, as do the machines and software of social mediation that feed racial capitalism and run on social difference. Algorithms, derived from for-profit management strategies, conscript all forms of expression—language, image, music, communication—into the calculus of capital such that even protest may turn a profit. Computational media function for the purpose of extraction rather than ameliorating global crises, and financialize every expressive act, converting each utterance into a wager. Repairing this ecology of exploitation, Beller contends, requires decolonizing information and money, and the scripting of futures wagered by the cultural legacies and claims of those in struggle.

Understanding the Digital World

Brian W. Kernighan
Understanding the Digital World Book PDF

Author : Brian W. Kernighan
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780691218960

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Understanding the Digital World by Brian W. Kernighan Pdf

A brand-new edition of the popular introductory textbook that explores how computer hardware, software, and networks work Computers are everywhere. Some are highly visible, in laptops, tablets, cell phones, and smart watches. But most are invisible, like those in appliances, cars, medical equipment, transportation systems, power grids, and weapons. We never see the myriad computers that quietly collect, share, and sometimes leak personal data about us. Governments and companies increasingly use computers to monitor what we do. Social networks and advertisers know more about us than we should be comfortable with. Criminals have all-too-easy access to our data. Do we truly understand the power of computers in our world? In this updated edition of Understanding the Digital World, Brian Kernighan explains how computer hardware, software, and networks work. Topics include how computers are built and how they compute; what programming is; how the Internet and web operate; and how all of these affect security, privacy, property, and other important social, political, and economic issues. Kernighan touches on fundamental ideas from computer science and some of the inherent limitations of computers, and new sections in the book explore Python programming, big data, machine learning, and much more. Numerous color illustrations, notes on sources for further exploration, and a glossary explaining technical terms and buzzwords are included. Understanding the Digital World is a must-read for readers of all backgrounds who want to know more about computers and communications.

A Fascinating Country in the World of Computing

Larry Wos,Gail W. Pieper
A Fascinating Country in the World of Computing Book PDF

Author : Larry Wos,Gail W. Pieper
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 614 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9810239106

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A Fascinating Country in the World of Computing by Larry Wos,Gail W. Pieper Pdf

This book shows you - through examples and puzzles and intriguing questions - how to make your computer reason logically. The automation of reasoning has advanced markedly in the past few decades, and this book discusses some of the remarkable successes that automated reasoning programs have had in tackling challenging problems in mathematics, logic, program verification, and circuit design. Because the intended audience includes students and teachers, the book provides many exercises as well as tutorial chapters that introduce readers to the field of logic and to automated reasoning in general. For more advanced researchers, the book presents challenging questions, many of which are still unanswered.

Computers and the World of the Future

Martin Greenberger,Massachusetts Institute of Technology. School of Industrial Management
Computers and the World of the Future Book PDF

Author : Martin Greenberger,Massachusetts Institute of Technology. School of Industrial Management
Publisher : Cambridge, Mass. : M.I.T. Press, [1964, reprinted 1968]
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1964
Category : Business
ISBN : UOM:39015023111928

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Computers and the World of the Future by Martin Greenberger,Massachusetts Institute of Technology. School of Industrial Management Pdf

Writers including Vannevar Bush and Herbert A. Simon discuss the impact of the computer in its first twenty years. Writers discuss the extraordinary growth of the computer in its first twenty years and its use in fields as diverse as medicine and economics, management and physics. Employed in areas once thought to be exclusively the province of the human mind, the computer rendered profound changes in the traditional ways and means of decision making. Contributors C.P. Snow, Walter A. Rosenblith, Norbert Wiener, Vannevar Bush, Herbert A. Simon, Howard W. Johnson, Marvin L. Minsky, Peter Elias, J. C. R. Licklider, Elting E. Morison, Philip M. Morse, Jay W. Forrester, Grace M. Hopper, Alan J. Perlis, John R. Pierce, Robert C. Sprague, Claude E. Shannon, Charles C. Holt, John G. Kemeny, Donald J. Marquis, Gene M. Amdahl, Sidney S. Alexander, Robert M. Fano, and others

Artificial Unintelligence

Meredith Broussard
Artificial Unintelligence Book PDF

Author : Meredith Broussard
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2019-01-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262537018

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Artificial Unintelligence by Meredith Broussard Pdf

A guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology and why we should never assume that computers always get it right. In Artificial Unintelligence, Meredith Broussard argues that our collective enthusiasm for applying computer technology to every aspect of life has resulted in a tremendous amount of poorly designed systems. We are so eager to do everything digitally—hiring, driving, paying bills, even choosing romantic partners—that we have stopped demanding that our technology actually work. Broussard, a software developer and journalist, reminds us that there are fundamental limits to what we can (and should) do with technology. With this book, she offers a guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology—and issues a warning that we should never assume that computers always get things right. Making a case against technochauvinism—the belief that technology is always the solution—Broussard argues that it's just not true that social problems would inevitably retreat before a digitally enabled Utopia. To prove her point, she undertakes a series of adventures in computer programming. She goes for an alarming ride in a driverless car, concluding “the cyborg future is not coming any time soon”; uses artificial intelligence to investigate why students can't pass standardized tests; deploys machine learning to predict which passengers survived the Titanic disaster; and attempts to repair the U.S. campaign finance system by building AI software. If we understand the limits of what we can do with technology, Broussard tells us, we can make better choices about what we should do with it to make the world better for everyone.

A People’s History of Computing in the United States

Joy Lisi Rankin
A People s History of Computing in the United States Book PDF

Author : Joy Lisi Rankin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780674988514

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A People’s History of Computing in the United States by Joy Lisi Rankin Pdf

Does Silicon Valley deserve all the credit for digital creativity and social media? Joy Rankin questions this triumphalism by revisiting a pre-PC time when schools were not the last stop for mature consumer technologies but flourishing sites of innovative collaboration—when users taught computers and visionaries dreamed of networked access for all.

Context in Computing

Patrick Brézillon,Avelino J. Gonzalez
Context in Computing Book PDF

Author : Patrick Brézillon,Avelino J. Gonzalez
Publisher : Springer
Page : 571 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-12-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781493918874

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Context in Computing by Patrick Brézillon,Avelino J. Gonzalez Pdf

This volume explores how context has been and can be used in computing to model human behaviors, actions and communications as well as to manage data and knowledge. It addresses context management and exploitation of context for sharing experience across domains. The book serves as a user-centric guide for readers wishing to develop context-based applications, as well as an intellectual reference on the concept of context. It provides a broad yet deep treatment of context in computing and related areas that depend heavily on computing. The coverage is broad because of its cross-disciplinary nature but treats topics at a sufficient depth to permit a reader to implement context in his/her computational endeavors. The volume addresses how context can be integrated in software and systems and how it can be used in a computing environment. Furthermore, the use of context to represent the human dimension, individually as well as collectively is explained. Contributions also include descriptions of how context has been represented in formal as well as non-formal, structured approaches. The last section describes several human behavior representation paradigms based on the concept of context as its central representational element. The depth and breadth of this content is certain to provide useful as well as intellectually enriching information to readers of diverse backgrounds who have an interest in or are intrigued by using context to assist in their representation of the real world.

Organic Computing – Technical Systems for Survival in the Real World

Christian Müller-Schloer,Sven Tomforde
Organic Computing Technical Systems for Survival in the Real World Book PDF

Author : Christian Müller-Schloer,Sven Tomforde
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 578 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2017-12-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319684772

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Organic Computing – Technical Systems for Survival in the Real World by Christian Müller-Schloer,Sven Tomforde Pdf

This book is a comprehensive introduction into Organic Computing (OC), presenting systematically the current state-of-the-art in OC. It starts with motivating examples of self-organising, self-adaptive and emergent systems, derives their common characteristics and explains the fundamental ideas for a formal characterisation of such systems. Special emphasis is given to a quantitative treatment of concepts like self-organisation, emergence, autonomy, robustness, and adaptivity. The book shows practical examples of architectures for OC systems and their applications in traffic control, grid computing, sensor networks, robotics, and smart camera systems. The extension of single OC systems into collective systems consisting of social agents based on concepts like trust and reputation is explained. OC makes heavy use of learning and optimisation technologies; a compact overview of these technologies and related approaches to self-organising systems is provided. So far, OC literature has been published with the researcher in mind. Although the existing books have tried to follow a didactical concept, they remain basically collections of scientific papers. A comprehensive and systematic account of the OC ideas, methods, and achievements in the form of a textbook which lends itself to the newcomer in this field has been missing so far. The targeted reader of this book is the master student in Computer Science, Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering - or any other newcomer to the field of Organic Computing with some technical or Computer Science background. Readers can seek access to OC ideas from different perspectives: OC can be viewed (1) as a „philosophy“ of adaptive and self-organising - life-like - technical systems, (2) as an approach to a more quantitative and formal understanding of such systems, and finally (3) a construction method for the practitioner who wants to build such systems. In this book, we first try to convey to the reader a feeling of the special character of natural and technical self-organising and adaptive systems through a large number of illustrative examples. Then we discuss quantitative aspects of such forms of organisation, and finally we turn to methods of how to build such systems for practical applications.

Leaders in Computing

BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT.
Leaders in Computing Book PDF

Author : BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT.
Publisher : BCS, The Chartered Institute
Page : 73 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781780170992

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Leaders in Computing by BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT. Pdf

This collection of interviews provides a fascinating insight into the thoughts and ideas of influential figures from the world of IT and computing, such as Sir Tim Berners-Lee, Donald Knuth, Linus Torvalds, Jimmy Wales and Steve Wozniak. It gives an excellent overview of important developments in this diverse field over recent years.

Living with Computers

James W. Cortada
Living with Computers Book PDF

Author : James W. Cortada
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030343620

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Living with Computers by James W. Cortada Pdf

The computing technology on which we are now so dependent has risen to its position of ascendency so rapidly that few of us have had the opportunity to take a step back and wonder where we are headed. This book urges us to do so. Taking a big-picture perspective on digital technology, Living with Computers leads the reader on a whistle-stop tour of the history of information and information technology. This journey culminates in a deep exploration into the meaning and role of computers in our lives, and what this experience might possibly mean for the future of human society – and the very existence of humanity itself. In the face of the transformative power of computing, this book provokes us to ask big questions. If computers become integrated into our bodies, merging with the information processing of our very DNA, will computing help to shape the evolution of biological life? If artificial intelligence advances beyond the abilities of the human brain, will this overturn our anthropocentrism and lead to a new view of reality? Will we control the computers of the future, or will they control us? These questions can be discomforting, yet they cannot be ignored. This book argues that it is time to reshape our definition of our species in the context of our interaction with computing. For although such science-fiction scenarios are not likely to happen any time soon – and may, in fact, never happen – it is nevertheless vital to consider these issues now if we wish to have any influence over whatever is to come. So, humans, let’s confront our possible destiny! James W. Cortada is a Senior Research Fellow at the Charles Babbage Institute at the University of Minnesota. He holds a Ph.D. in modern history and worked at IBM in various positions for 38 years, including in IBM’s management research institute, The IBM Institute for Business Value (IBV). He is the author of over a dozen books on management, and nearly two dozen books on the history of information technology. These include the Springer title From Urban Legends to Political Fact-Checking: Online Scrutiny in America, 1990-2015 (with William Aspray).

Soft Computing In Systems And Control Technology

Spyros Tzafestas
Soft Computing In Systems And Control Technology Book PDF

Author : Spyros Tzafestas
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1999-05-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789814496438

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Soft Computing In Systems And Control Technology by Spyros Tzafestas Pdf

Soft computing is a branch of computing which, unlike hard computing, can deal with uncertain, imprecise and inexact data. The three constituents of soft computing are fuzzy-logic-based computing, neurocomputing, and genetic algorithms. Fuzzy logic contributes the capability of approximate reasoning, neurocomputing offers function approximation and learning capabilities, and genetic algorithms provide a methodology for systematic random search and optimization. These three capabilities are combined in a complementary and synergetic fashion.This book presents a cohesive set of contributions dealing with important issues and applications of soft computing in systems and control technology. The contributions include state-of-the-art material, mathematical developments, fresh results, and how-to-do issues. Among the problems studied via neural, fuzzy, neurofuzzy and genetic methodologies are: data fusion, reinforcement learning, approximation properties, multichannel imaging, signal processing, system optimization, gaming, and several forms of control.The book can serve as a reference for researchers and practitioners in the field. Readers can find in it a large amount of useful and timely information, and thus save considerable effort in searching for other scattered literature.