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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : International economic relations
ISBN : OCLC:615265001
Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Adaptation (Biology)
ISBN : 9780821372821
This first report deals with some of the major development issues confronting the developing countries and explores the relationship of the major trends in the international economy to them. It is designed to help clarify some of the linkages between the international economy and domestic strategies in the developing countries against the background of growing interdependence and increasing complexity in the world economy. It assesses the prospects for progress in accelerating growth and alleviating poverty, and identifies some of the major policy issues which will affect these prospects.
Author : Peter B. Kenen
Publisher : Centre for Economic Policy Research
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Financial institutions, International
ISBN : 1898128847
This sixth title in the Geneva Reports on the World Economy series looks at international economic cooperation in the twenty-first century.
Author : Martin Feldstein
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226241814
"A readable, balanced, and provocative view of the prospects for fruitful international economic cooperation. The papers are realistic: each discusses the difficulties involved in reaching cooperative solutions or procedures as well as the benefits of doing so. The discussion among the conference participants is lively, interesting, and insightful."--William H. Branson, Princeton University
Author : Rajat Kathuria,Neetika Kaushal Nagpal
Publisher : Springer
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9788132226987
This book discusses issues such as global financial crisis and global governance, food security, energy sustainability, the global financial system, trade and protectionism, and growth and employment. Since the outbreak of the financial as well as national debt crises in the Euro zone, the focus of the G20 has shifted back to addressing short-term issues. These issues range from the dynamic effects of global imbalances and the appropriate degree of financial sector regulation to questions of austerity versus growth and the lack of a comprehensive framework for managing the international monetary system. A further issue is the relevance of the G20 agenda for emerging market economies. Global economic recovery still remains fragile and downside risks to global growth remain. Additionally, much of the agenda of the Seoul Development Consensus for shared growth launched in 2010 has yet to be fulfilled. A key discussion point in the book, therefore, is how to make a tangible and significant difference in peoples’ lives by implementing an agenda of inclusive growth.
Author : Nora Juliane Hildebrand
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783668880337
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,7, Pforzheim University, language: English, abstract: This seminar paper mainly explains the areas of responsibility as well as the objectives of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. Differences between the two international institutions will get clearer and a case study and criticism contribute to a better understanding. There is no doubt that the process of globalization, defined as the gradual movement towards a more intertwined world, has enriched our personal life economically and culturally. We benefit from international cooperation, free trade, innovation, a broader knowledge, and facilitated communication and generally, we are offered more possibilities to shape our life as it may best please us. Nevertheless, global interdependence implicates fierce competition and therefore a stronger divide between rich and poor. Moreover, increasing environmental pollution and the violation of human rights are accepted, just to push forward economic success. In order to solve negative side effects caused by globalization, several associations have been established over the years. Among these, there is for example the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the United Nations (UN), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. This seminar paper focuses on the two latter institutions with the intention to illustrate their significant influence on prosperity and development. Even though the IMF and its "twin institution" are independent bodies that do not always collaborate in current projects, their responsibilities often overlap as they pursue the same goals: reducing poverty, supporting economic growth and global trade as well as stabilizing the international financial system. To maintain a clear overview about the organizations' differences, they will be described separately in the investigation. The roles of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are diverse, but always pursuing international stability. Superficially, the Bank and the IMF possess many similar characteristics, which makes it difficult to distinguish between them.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464813566
Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report will study how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Technological progress disrupts existing systems. A new social contract is needed to smooth the transition and guard against rising inequality. Significant investments in human capital throughout a person’s lifecycle are vital to this effort. If workers are to stay competitive against machines they need to train or retool existing skills. A social protection system that includes a minimum basic level of protection for workers and citizens can complement new forms of employment. Improved private sector policies to encourage startup activity and competition can help countries compete in the digital age. Governments also need to ensure that firms pay their fair share of taxes, in part to fund this new social contract. The 2019 World Development Report presents an analysis of these issues based upon the available evidence.
Author : Rebecca M. Nelson
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781437927481
Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) The Rise of the G-20 as the Premier Forum for Internat. Econ. Cooperation: 1970s-1990s: Developed Countries Dominate Financial Discussions; 1990s-2008: Emerging Markets Gain Greater Influence; 2008¿Present: Emerging Markets Get a Seat at the Table; (3) How the G-20 Operates; (4) Overview of the G-20 Summits: Wash., DC, Nov. 2008; London, April 2009; Pittsburgh, Sept. 2009; Protests at G-20 Summits; (5) Issues on the Horizon: Regulatory Reform; Increasing the Representation of Emerging Markets in Internat. Financial Institutions; Increased Funding of the Multilateral Develop. Banks; A Green Recovery; WTO Doha Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations; (6) Transition from G-7 to G-20.
Author : Asli Demirguc-Kunt,Leora Klapper,Dorothe Singer,Saniya Ansar
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464812682
In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.
Author : Holden J. Murray,Eston E. Baker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : International economic relations
ISBN : 1620818493
The Group of Twenty, or G-20, is a forum for advancing economic cooperation among 20 major advanced and emerging-market countries. The G-20 was originally established to facilitate discussions among the G-20 finance ministers. The prominence of the G-20 increased with the onset of the global financial crisis in the fall of 2008, and the G-20 started meeting at the leader level. In September 2009, the G-20 leaders announced that, henceforth, the G-20 would be the "premier" forum for international economic cooperation. This book examines the major G-20 commitments that could influence or shape the policy and legislative agenda for international economic coordination; background and issues of the International Monetary Fund (IMF); the Paris Club and international debt relief; mulilateral development banks; international climate change financing; international environmental financing; and The World Bank Group energy sector strategy.
Author : Holden J. Murray,Eston E. Baker
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : International economic relations
ISBN : 1620818426
The Group of Twenty, or G-20, is a forum for advancing economic co-operation among 20 major advanced and emerging-market countries. The G-20 was originally established to facilitate discussions among the G-20 finance ministers. The prominence of the G-20 increased with the onset of the global financial crisis in the fall of 2008, and the G-20 started meeting at the leader level. In September 2009, the G-20 leaders announced that, henceforth, the G-20 would be the "premier" forum for international economic co-operation. This book examines the major G-20 commitments that could influence or shape the policy and legislative agenda for international economic co-ordination; background and issues of the International Monetary Fund (IMF); the Paris Club and international debt relief; multilateral development banks; international climate change financing; international environmental financing; and The World Bank Group energy sector strategy.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2021-08-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464816666
The world economy is experiencing a very strong but uneven recovery, with many emerging market and developing economies facing obstacles to vaccination. The global outlook remains uncertain, with major risks around the path of the pandemic and the possibility of financial stress amid large debt loads. Policy makers face a difficult balancing act as they seek to nurture the recovery while safeguarding price stability and fiscal sustainability. A comprehensive set of policies will be required to promote a strong recovery that mitigates inequality and enhances environmental sustainability, ultimately putting economies on a path of green, resilient, and inclusive development. Prominent among the necessary policies are efforts to lower trade costs so that trade can once again become a robust engine of growth. This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Global Economic Prospects. The Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2008-11-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 082137608X
Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464814952
Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Author : Alistair Dieppe
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464816093
The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global economy after a decade that featured a broad-based slowdown in productivity growth. Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies presents the first comprehensive analysis of the evolution and drivers of productivity growth, examines the effects of COVID-19 on productivity, and discusses a wide range of policies needed to rekindle productivity growth. The book also provides a far-reaching data set of multiple measures of productivity for up to 164 advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies, and it introduces a new sectoral database of productivity. The World Bank has created an extraordinary book on productivity, covering a large group of countries and using a wide variety of data sources. There is an emphasis on emerging and developing economies, whereas the prior literature has concentrated on developed economies. The book seeks to understand growth patterns and quantify the role of (among other things) the reallocation of factors, technological change, and the impact of natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is must-reading for specialists in emerging economies but also provides deep insights for anyone interested in economic growth and productivity. Martin Neil Baily Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution Former Chair, U.S. President’s Council of Economic Advisers This is an important book at a critical time. As the book notes, global productivity growth had already been slowing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and collapses with the pandemic. If we want an effective recovery, we have to understand what was driving these long-run trends. The book presents a novel global approach to examining the levels, growth rates, and drivers of productivity growth. For anyone wanting to understand or influence productivity growth, this is an essential read. Nicholas Bloom William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford University The COVID-19 pandemic hit a global economy that was already struggling with an adverse pre-existing condition—slow productivity growth. This extraordinarily valuable and timely book brings considerable new evidence that shows the broad-based, long-standing nature of the slowdown. It is comprehensive, with an exceptional focus on emerging market and developing economies. Importantly, it shows how severe disasters (of which COVID-19 is just the latest) typically harm productivity. There are no silver bullets, but the book suggests sensible strategies to improve growth prospects. John Fernald Schroders Chaired Professor of European Competitiveness and Reform and Professor of Economics, INSEAD