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Author : Johan Vereecke,P. P. van Bogaert,Fons Verdonck
Publisher : Leuven University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9061864070
Author : Wolfgang Walz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1999-03-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592594795
The human brain represents about 2% of the body weight, yet it accounts for approximately 20% of aerobic metabolism. This high dependency on energy-consuming processes is mainly caused by the active transport of ions, which is necessary to compensate for the transmembrane ion currents that are part ofthe complex signaling processes in the brain. Ninety-five percent ofthe brain's ATP is derived from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Since that organ' s storage capacity for oxygen is minimal, any interruption of oxygen delivery to brain cells willlead to changes in membrane excitability and, there fore, to disruption of neuronal signaling within seconds. It seems that mamma lian brain is especially vulnerable to such an interruption, since oxygen deprivation leads to activation of ion channel mechanisms in neurons that impair their communications. Thus, the function of the brain as a coordinator of vital homeostatic reflexes, and complex body reactions to external challenges, depends critically on the rate of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. Oxygen delivery depends on two variables described in the Fick relation ship: volume flow rate ofblood and the arterial oxygen content. A reduction in either of these two variables will have serious effects on vital brain func tions. Reduction of arterial blood flow to the brain can be caused by cardiac arrest, shock, carotid occlusion, Of hypotension (global ischemia). Oxygen content is progressively decreased in asphyxia (including drowning).
Author : Seibu Mochizuki,Nobuakira Takeda,Makoto Nagano,Naranjan S. Dhalla
Publisher : Springer
Page : 601 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2007-11-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780585398440
Over the past three decades, impressive progress in the field of pathogenesis, prevention and therapy of ischemic heart disease has resulted in a marked decline in mortality in the Western World. However, the incidence of this devastating disease is on the rise in developing countries. The Ischemic Heart is based upon a recent symposium in Tokyo on the subject. This volume is organized into two sections: (i) Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and (ii) Preconditioning and Protection of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, and contains up-to-date information concerning the current concepts of ischemia-reperfusion injury, the sequence of events resulting in the loss of contractile dysfunction, and mechanisms of cardioprotection by several drugs as well as the role of ischemic preconditioning in attenuating problems associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Author : Rafael Beyar,Samuel Sideman
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781000141702
Over thiry-five experts contribute to this publication about the various interactions and interrelationships of the parameters which affect the normal and ischemic heart. Mechanical aspects related to the global and regional function of the heart are discussed. Coronary perfusion of the ischemic heart is considered, with emphasis on the effects of reperfusion. Electrical activation, formation of arrhythmias, and the effects of ischemia or ionic transport in the myocardium are presented. Metabolic aspects of the ischemic heart, including calcium transport, are also explained.
Author : Morris Karmazyn
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783034889889
Myocardial ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium represent complex phenomena encompassing numerous physiological processes. This book aims at enhancing our understanding of these processes and stresses recent important developments in this very active area of research. The concise, state-of-the-art reviews cover recent advances in many fields important to the area of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion including physiology, pathology, pharmacology, biochemistry and molecular biology with reference to clinical relevance and applicability of these findings. Major areas which are highlighted include vascular mechanisms resulting in myocardial ischemia, cellular events in the ischemic, postinfarcted and reperfused myocardium as well as new exciting developments in cardiac protection that involve both novel pharmacological approaches as well as endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms such as preconditioning. Aimed at both the basic and clinical cardiovascular investigator, the book comprehensively reviews the rapid progress made in recent years in understanding the etiology of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. It will further serve as an authoritative reference for all those interested in learning about the important developments in the treatment of myocardial ischemic and reperfusion disorders.
Author : Richard E. Klabunde
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 689 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781975150099
Praised for its concise coverage, this highly accessible monograph lays a foundation for understanding the underlying concepts of normal cardiovascular function and offers a welcome alternative to a more mechanistically oriented approach or an encyclopedic physiology text. Clear explanations, ample illustrations and engaging clinical cases and problems provide the perfect guidance for self-directed learning and prepare you to excel in clinical practice.
Author : Bohuslav Ost'ádal,Frantisek Kolár
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781475730258
Cardiac Ischemia: From Injury to Protection has been divided into six parts. The first part describes the differences between hypoxia and ischemia, animal models, the effects of ischemia on myocardial function and metabolism, and the electrophysiological consequences of ischemia. The second part deals with the mechanisms of cardiomyocyte death in ischemia, structural aspects of irreversible ischemic injury, necrosis and apoptosis of cardiac cells, the role of calcium, and the concept of calcium antagonism. The third chapter is a brief description of reperfusion injury, its clinical relevance, and possible prevention. The fourth part summarizes changes in myocardial vasculature during ischemia and reperfusion. The fifth part is the survey of two main possibilities for increasing cardiac resistance to ischemia and hypoxia, i.e. long-lasting adaptation to chronic hypoxia and short-lasting preconditioning. The last part of the book deals with comparative and ontogenetic aspects of cardiac sensitivity to oxygen deprivation; this chapter also summarizes the ontogenetic differences and limitations in endogenous and exogenous protection of the ischemic/hypoxic heart.
Author : Lionel H. Opie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461315179
Stunning is potentially an important complication of myocardial reperfusion. In contrast, hibernation is an important complication of myocardial ischemia. This book presents different viewpoints on these subjects, taken from a series of peer-reviewed articles which first appeared in Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, and now in this book. In addition, a certain number of articles were directly invited for the book. The introductory article is by Eugene Braunwald, who with Kloner introduced the term myocardial stunning in 1982. The experimental phenomenon had first been described by Heyndrickx et al. This important concept of stunning is examined from a number of points of view in a series of articles which clarify the experimental causes and the clinical implications. The section on hibernation is introduced by Tubau and Rahimtoola, the latter having first propounded the concept in 1989. The difference between stunning and hibernation is that stunning is essentially a post-ischemic dysfunction of the myocardium, temporary in nature, occurring at a time when coronary blood flow is apparently normal or supranormal. Hibernation, on the other hand, is a condition of reduced contractile activity, the direct result of chronic ischemia and hence a sign of a tolerable reduction in blood flow. Possibly the reduction in contractile activity of the hibernating heart balances the reduction in the oxygen availability (the `smart heart' of Rahimtoola). This non-contractile heart is hibernating, awaiting the return of summer after winter, and willing to contract normally again whenever warm coronary blood is restored. It is certain that the concepts of stunning and hibernation are here to stay, that they have or will have clinical relevance, and that the search for the most appropriate diagnosis and therapy for each condition is now under way. Hence, a greater understanding of the experimental work which underlies these two conditions is highly appropriate.
Author : George G. Somjen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 501 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2004-01-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198034599
Ions, their transport across membranes, and their flow through specialized ion channels are central to the understanding of brain function, normal and pathological. The first part of this book deals with the regulation of ions in brain extra- and intracellular fluids. Regulation is effected by the blood-brain barrier, and by membrane ion pumps and other transport mechanisms of neurons and glial cells. Normally adjusted for optimal neural function, ion levels can change and alter the excitability of neurons and influence synaptic transmission in healthy and diseased brains. After an introduction to the electrophysiology of epilepsy, and a description of experimental seizure "models," the second part discusses the roles of the faulty regulation of ions and of the diseases of ion channels in generating epileptic seizures. The mechanisms of action of various anticonvulsant drugs are also considered. The third part is devoted to the phenomenon of spreading depression and its likely role in human diseases. The final chapters of the book deal with the role of ions in the devastation caused by lack of oxygen and by insufficient blood flow to brain tissue, and the reasons for the exceptional vulnerability of certain classes of central neurons in hypoxia and stroke. The book will be of interest to neuroscientists, neurobiologists, neurophysiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and to their students and trainees.
Author : Giovanni Concistrè
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 543 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2023-04-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031258794
This book describes the different aspects of ischemic heart disease, one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries, and whose growing prevalence represents a major challenge in terms of short- and long-term management and surveillance. This volume offers a comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art diagnostic imaging options, of disease risk stratification, selection of candidates for surgical intervention, percutaneous revascularitation, mechanical assist devices implantation. Recently, the morbidity and mortality of ischaemic heart disease have substantially improved because of the progress in therapeutic strategies, represented by the dramatic evolution of percutaneous coronary interventions, that are carefully described in the volume, together with all the other most recent treatment options: from medical therapy to conventional surgery, minimally invasive surgery, surgery of ischemic complications. The biggest challenge in the next years is, however, to reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease worldwide. This highly illustrated, case oriented reference book is aimed at cardiology fellows in training, while also helpful to surgeons, cardiologists, imaging specialists, interventional cardiologists, as well as other clinicians and students involved in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic disease.
Author : M. Zehender,T. Meinertz,H. Just
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642725050
This volume presents, in synoptic form, the latest and most comprehensive experimental and multi-faceted clinical findings on the potential arrythmogenic implications of acute myocardial ischemia. Together with a critical discussion of the related diagnostic and therapeutic consequences and outcomes, it presents a solid basis for efforts to reduce the occurance of sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary heart disease.
Author : Peter W. Hochachka,Peter L. Lutz,Thomas J. Sick,Myron Rosenthal
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2022-11-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000714210
Surviving Hypoxia: Mechanisms of Control and Adaptation is a synthesis of findings and thoughts concerning hypoxia. The thermodynamics of hypoxia are discussed in detail, including acid-base balance and self-pollution resulting from the accumulation of anaerobic end-products. The book focuses on descriptions and discussions of common facets, contrasting solutions in a variety of physiological hypoxia defense strategies, including those shown by plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Special treatment is given to the distinctive problems that hypoxia presents to vulnerable organs such as the kidney, liver, and brain. It also addresses pathological events in addition to protective mechanisms. Clinical implications of basic research are examined in the book, which provides new insights into underlying pathological processes occuring in hypoxic-induced organ failure and indicates new paths for successful clinical intervention. Surviving Hypoxia: Mechanisms of Control and Adaptation is an excellent reference for all researchers interested in the physiological effects of hypoxia, underlying pathological events, and protective mechanisms.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1995-05-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0080534546
Free radicals have been implicated in a entire host of different human disease states, which suggests that although they may not have a pivotal causal role, they are involved in the perpetuation of disease. In recentyears, it has become evident that although free radicals most certainly do have this role in perpetuating inflammatory reactions, they have perhaps a far more important role in acting as second messenger systems to maintain normal cell function. It is theperturbations of these reactions which pose the most intriguing therapeutic challenges. This volume deals with various basic mechanisms of free radical processes and injury. The emphasis in each case is on potential therapeutic strategies developing fromthis new knowledge.
Author : Michele Gulizia
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2003-04-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 8847002133
Subjects of the book are Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation, two emerging pathologies in the field of cardiology, to which many investigators are now addressing their research. Their diffusion in the sick population represents a major public health problem at the beginning of the third millennium. The volume aims to present the latest approaches to the management of heart failure and atrial fibrillation, emphasising in particular the intrinsic relation existing between them, the results after 10 years of biventricular pacing, the innovative pacing techniques now available, and the use of new drugs, devices or ablation procedures for the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation recurrences.
Author : Robert Fitridge,M. M. Thompson
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
Page : 589 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781922064004
New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
