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Cell assays include all methods of measurements on living cells. Confined for a long time to research laboratories, these emerging methods have, in recent years, found industrial applications that are increasingly varied and, from now on, regulatory. Based on the recent explosion of knowledge in cell biology, the measurement of living cells represents a new class of industry-oriented research tests, the applications of which continue to multiply (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, environment, etc.). Cellular tests are now being positioned as new tools at the interface between chemical methods, which are often obsolete and not very informative, and methods using animal models, which are expensive, do not fit with human data and are widely discussed from an ethical perspective. Finally, the development of cell assays is currently being strengthened by their being put into regulatory application, particularly in Europe through the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) and cosmetic directives.
Now a routine tool in biomedical and life science research, live cell imaging has made major progress enabling this core biochemical, cell, and molecular biology technique to become even more powerful, versatile, and affordable. In Live Cell Imaging: Methods and Protocols, a panel of expert contributors provide a comprehensive compendium of experimental approaches to live cell imaging in the form of several overview chapters followed by representative examples and case studies covering different aspects of the most current methodology. By examining a range of state-of-the-art protocols extensively validated in complex biological studies, this volume highlights new experimental and instrumental opportunities and helps researchers to select appropriate imaging methods for their specific biological questions and measurement tasks. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Live Cell Imaging: Methods and Protocols promises to contribute greatly to the further development and dissemination of this fundamentally important technology which spans across many disciplines including molecular and cell biology, chemistry, physics, optics, engineering, cell physiology, and medicine.
Label-Free Monitoring of Cells in vitro by Joachim Wegener Pdf
This book is dedicated to label-free, non-invasive monitoring of cell-based assays and it comprises the most widely applied techniques. Each approach is described and critically evaluated by an expert in the field such that researchers get an overview on what is possible and where the limitations are. The book provides the theoretical basis for each technique as well as the most successful and exciting applications. Label-free bioanalytical techniques have been known for a long time as valuable tools to monitor adsorption processes at the solid-liquid interface in general – and biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) in particular. The underlying concepts have been progressively transferred to the analysis of cell-based assays. The strength of these approaches is implicitly given with the name 'label-free': the readout is independent of any label, reagent or additive that contaminates the system under study and potentially affects its properties. Thus, label-free techniques provide an unbiased analytical perspective in the sense that the sample is not manipulated by additives but pure. They are commonly based on physical principles and read changes in integral physical properties of the sample like refractive index, conductivity, capacitance or elastic modulus to mention just a few. Even though it is not implied in the name, label-free approaches usually monitor the cells under study non-invasively meaning that the amplitude of the signal (e.g. electric field strength, mechanical elongation) that is used for the measurement is too low to interfere or affect. In contrast to label-based analytical techniques that are commonly restricted to a single reading at a predefined time point, label-free approaches allow for a continuous observation so that the dynamics of the biological system or reaction become accessible.
Evaluation of Cellular Processes by In Vitro Assays by Taseen Gul,Henah Mehraj Balkhi ,Ehtishamul Haq Pdf
This handbook presents information on different cell culture assays which can be used to perform experimental analysis. Readers are introduced to the basics of in vitro cell cultures followed by a comparative analysis of different experimental protocols designed to detect cellular processes (such as apoptosis, protein-protein interactions, cytotoxicity, gene transfer). Chapters present information on the basics of specific experimental techniques as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods. Students and scholars who require an understanding of the basic fundamentals of cellular assays.
Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells by P. Michael Conn Pdf
This volume of Methods in Enzymology is the third of 3 parts looking at current methodology for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of live cells. The chapters provide hints and tricks not available in primary research publications. It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike. Publisher's note.
Applications of Immunocytochemistry by Hesam Dehghani Pdf
Immunocytochemistry is classically defined as a procedure to detect antigens in cellular contexts using antibodies. However, over the years many aspects of this procedure have evolved within a plethora of experimental setups. There are different ways to prepare a given specimen, different kinds of antibodies to apply, different techniques for imaging, and different methods of analyzing the data. In this book, various ways of performing each individual step of immunocytochemistry in different cellular contexts are exemplified and discussed. Applications of Immunocytochemistry offers technical and background information on different steps of immunocytochemistry and presents the application of this technique and its adaptations in cell lines, neural tissue, pancreatic tissue, sputum cells, sperm cells, preimplantation embryo, arabidopsis, fish gonads, and Leishmania.
Mammalian Cell Viability by Martin J. Stoddart Pdf
Whether the question is one of basic cell survival, or whether it is being used to correlate cell number to some other factor such as matrix synthesis, an estimate of cell viability is universally required. In Mammalian Cell Viability: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe methods from the most basic which can be performed in any laboratory, to some which require specific pieces of equipment. Initially focusing on methods for monolayer and suspension cells, later chapters describe methods for determining viability within tissue sections and 3 dimensional culture systems. Finally, methods requiring highly specialized equipment are described in order to explain what is possible. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and vital tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and adaptable, Mammalian Cell Viability: Methods and Protocols serves as a self-contained laboratory manual useful to both experienced researchers and those new to this incredibly important and influential field.
Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells by P. Michael Conn Pdf
This volume of Methods in Enzymology is the second of three parts looking at current methodology for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of live cells. The chapters provide hints and tricks not available in primary research publications. It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike. Expert authors who are leaders in the field Extensively referenced and useful figures and tables Provides hints and tricks to facilitate reproduction of methods
Author : Douglas J. Taatjes,Brooke T. Mossman Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 505 pages File Size : 41,5 Mb Release : 2008-02-04 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781592599936
Cell Imaging Techniques by Douglas J. Taatjes,Brooke T. Mossman Pdf
A diverse collection of state-of-the-art methods for the microscopic imaging of cells and molecules. The authors cover a wide spectrum of complimentary techniques, including such methods as fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and laser scanning cytometry. Additional readily reproducible protocols on confocal scanning laser microscopy, quantitative computer-assisted image analysis, laser-capture microdissection, microarray image scanning, near-field scanning optical microscopy, and reflection contrast microscopy round out this eclectic collection of cutting-edge imaging techniques now available. The authors also discuss preparative methods for particles and cells by transmission electron microscopy.
Author : Victor R Preedy Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry Page : 400 pages File Size : 53,9 Mb Release : 2012-10-23 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781849734929
Dietary sugars are known to have medical implications for humans from causing dental caries to obesity. This book aims to put dietary sugars in context and includes the chemistry of several typical subclasses eg glucose, galactose and maltose. Modern techniques of analysis of the dietary sugars are covered in detail including self monitoring and uses of biosensors. The final section of the book details the function and effects of dietary sugars and includes chapters on obesity, intestinal transport, aging, liver function, diet of young children and intolerance and more. Written by an expert team and delivering high quality information, this book provides a fascinating insight into this area of health and nutritional science. It bridges scientific disciplines so that the information is more meaningful and applicable to health in general. Part of a series of books, it is specifically designed for chemists, analytical scientists, forensic scientists, food scientists, dieticians and health care workers, nutritionists, toxicologists and research academics. Due to its interdisciplinary nature it could also be suitable for lecturers and teachers in food and nutritional sciences and as a college or university library reference guide.
The scope for improving health care using stem cell therapies is thrilling, but has considerable technical challenges and methodological constraints that need to be addressed. Keeping with the tradition of Humana Press to bring these developments to the forefront in a timely manner, this book presents scientific advances in stem cell methods for a wider use by novice and expert scientists, through the series of Methods in Molecular Biology.
Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells by Anonim Pdf
This volume of Methods in Enzymology is the third of 3 parts looking at current methodology for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of live cells. The chapters provide hints and tricks not available in primary research publications. It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike. The third of 3 parts looking at current methodology for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of live cells The chapters provide hints and tricks not available in primary research publications It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike
Cytotoxicity by Erman Salih Istifli,Hasan Basri İla Pdf
Compensating for cytotoxicity in the multicellular organism by a certain level of cellular proliferation is the primary aim of homeostasis. In addition, the loss of cellular proliferation control (tumorigenesis) is at least as important as cytotoxicity, however, it is a contrasting trauma. With the disruption of the delicate balance between cytotoxicity and proliferation, confrontation with cancer can inevitably occur. This book presents important information pertaining to the molecular control of the mechanisms of cytotoxicity and cellular proliferation as they relate to cancer. It is designed for students and researchers studying cytotoxicity and its control.
NETosis: At the Intersection of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Immunology by Mariana J. Kaplan,Marko Radic Pdf
NETosis is a unique form of cell death that is characterized by the release of decondensed chromatin and granular contents to the extracellular space. The initial observation of NETosis placed the process within the context of the innate immune response to infections. Neutrophils, the most numerous leukocytes that arrive quickly at the site of an infection, were the first cell type shown to undergo extracellular trap formation. However, subsequent studies showed that other granulocytes are also capable of releasing nuclear chromatin following stimulation. The extracellular chromatin acts to immobilize microbes and prevent their dispersal in the host. Bacterial breakdown products and inflammatory stimuli induce NETosis and the release of NETs requires enzyme activities. Histones in NET chromatin become modified by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and cleaved at specific sites by proteases. NETs serve for attachment of bactericidal enzymes including myeloperoxidase, leukocyte proteases, and the cathelicidin LL-37. While the benefit of NETs in an infection appears clear, NETs also figure prominently at the center of various pathologic states. Therefore, it is important for NETs to be efficiently cleared; else digestive enzymes may gain access to tissues where inflammation takes place. Persistent NET exposure at sites of inflammation may lead to a further complication: NET antigens may provoke acquired immune responses and, over time, could initiate autoimmune reactions. Recent studies identified aberrant NET synthesis and/or clearance in inflammatory/autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, ANCA-positive vasculitis, gout and Felty’s syndrome. In the case of SLE, for example, it appears that LL-37 exposed in the NETs may be a significant trigger of type I Interferon responses in this disease. Recent evidence also implicates aberrant NET formation in the development of endothelial damage, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. NETosis is thus of interest to researchers who investigate innate immune responses, host-pathogen interactions, chronic inflammatory disorders, cell and vascular biology, biochemistry, and autoimmunity. As we approach the 10-year-anniversary of the initial discovery of NETosis, it is useful and timely to review the so far identified mechanisms and pathways of NET formation, their role in bacterial and fungal defense and their putative importance as inducers of autoimmune responses. We look forward to a rich and rigorous discussion of these and related issues that benefit from interdisciplinary approaches, collaborations and exciting discoveries.
