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Malaria Immunology by Peter Perlmann,Marita Troye-Blomberg Pdf
Despite extensive efforts to control it, malaria is still one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide. This book, now in its second edition, provides a broad and up-to-date overview of the rapidly expanding field of malaria immunology and its importance in the control of this disease. The first section deals with the malaria parasite and its interactions with both the vertebrate host and the mosquitoes which transmit the disease. In the second part, the mechanisms of immunity and their regulation by environmental and genetic factors are discussed. Finally, this volume contains several chapters on malaria vaccine development, describing the application of the most recent vaccine technologies as well as ongoing and planned vaccine trials. Authored by well-recognized experts, this volume not only demonstrates the rapid progress being made in the search for vaccines against malaria, but also broadens our understanding of immunity to infection in general. It is therefore highly recommended reading for all scientists and professionals in the fields of immunology, infection and vaccine development.
Malaria: Volume 3, Immunology and Immunization is a collection of papers dealing with malaria parasites, the methods for measuring the immunological response to plasmodia, and the vertebrates host's immune response to plasmodia. Some papers discuss immunization against sporozoites, against the exoerythrocytic stages of malaria parasites, against asexual blood-inhabiting stages of plasmodia, as well as gamete immunization in malaria. One paper describes various separation methods to isolate malaria parasites and their constituents. Another paper discusses in detail the theory and practice of methods used in measuring antibody responses which occur during plasmodial infections, including the antibody response against sporozoites, exoerythrocytic forms, and in the different blood stages. Another paper explains the vertebrate host's immune response to plasmodial infection as a homeostatic physiological response changing along with the progression of the disease. The changes in the dynamic cellular cascade are different as the disease progresses causing death, than when these lead to recovery. Another paper enumerates the parameters which determine malarial infectiousness from one individual to another such as the time of onset, duration, intensity of the blood infections, as well as the maturity, longevity, and rate of production of gametocytes. Pharmacologists, general medical practitioners, investigators, and laboratory technicians involved in malarial research will find the collection very useful.
Immunology and Immunopathogenesis of Malaria by Jean Langhorne Pdf
Malaria is still a major global health problem, killing more than 1 million people every year. Almost all of these deaths are caused by Plasmodium falciparum, one of the four species of malaria parasites infecting humans. This high burden of mortality falls heavily on Sub-Saharan Africa, where over 90% of these deaths are thought to occur, and 5% of children die before the age of 5 years. The death toll from malaria is still growing, with malaria-specific mortality in young African children estimated to have doubled during the last twenty years. This increase has been associated with drug resistance of the parasite, spread of insecticide resistant mosquitoes, poverty, social and political upheaval, and lack of effective vaccines. This collection of reviews addresses many of these important issues of malarial immunity and immunopathology. They are of interest not only to malariologists, but hopefully also to the broader immunological community. Strong interactions with, and feedback from immunologists working in other infectious diseases and in basic immunology will help us to move the field of malaria immunology and therapeutic intervention forward more quickly.
Malaria Immunology by Anja Tatiana Ramstedt Jensen,Lars Hviid Pdf
This volume covers a broad range of methods, technologies, and protocols on malaria. Chapters detail research on collecting parasites in the field, single molecule-level analyses of adhesive interactions, and focused studies aiming at disrupting the devastating disease. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Malaria Immunology: Targeting the Surface of Infected Erythrocytes aims to be a useful and practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field. Chapter Analysis of var gene transcription pattern using DBLα-tags [Chapter 14] is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Kevin N. Couper,Julius C. Hafalla,Noah S. Butler,Ashraful Haque
Author : Kevin N. Couper,Julius C. Hafalla,Noah S. Butler,Ashraful Haque Publisher : Frontiers Media SA Page : 487 pages File Size : 47,6 Mb Release : 2019-10-10 Category : Electronic ISBN : 9782889630462
Immunity to Malaria and Vaccine Strategies by Kevin N. Couper,Julius C. Hafalla,Noah S. Butler,Ashraful Haque Pdf
Malaria, caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium, is a highly prevalent and lethal infectious disease, responsible for 435,000 deaths in 2017. Optimism that malaria was gradually being controlled and eliminated has been tempered by recent evidence that malaria control measures are beginning to stall and that Plasmodium parasites are developing resistance to front-line anti-malarial drugs. An important milestone has been the recent development of a malaria vaccine (Mosquirix) for use in humans, the very first against a parasitic infection. Unfortunately, this vaccine has modest and short-lived efficacy, with vaccinated individuals possibly being at increased risk of severe malarial disease when protection wanes. Thus, to define new ways to combat malaria, there remains an urgent requirement to identify the immune mechanisms that promote resistance to malarial disease and to understand why these so often fail. The review and primary research articles in this Research Topic illustrate the breadth of research performed worldwide aimed to understand the biology of the Plasmodium parasite, the roles of the various cell types that act within the immune response against the parasite, and the parasitological and immunological basis of severe malarial disease. The articles in section 1 exemplify the different vaccination strategies being developed and tested by the research community in the fight against malaria. The articles in section 2 review important overarching aspects of malaria immunology and the use of models to study human malaria. The articles in section 3 describe the ways through which the Plasmodium parasite is initially recognised by the immune system during infection, how the parasite can directly impact this critical event to restrict anti-Plasmodial immunity, and resolve the roles of key innate cell populations, such as dendritic cells, in coordinating malarial immunity. The articles in sections 4-6 outline the roles T and B cell populations play during malaria, highlighting the activation, diversification and regulation of the crucial cell types during malaria, and discuss some of the reasons adaptive immunity to malaria is often considered so poor compared with other diseases. The articles in section 7 provide up to date information on the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, bridging our understanding of the syndrome in humans with information learned from animal models. Overall, the articles in this research, many of which are published by leaders in the malaria field, emphasize the imagination and technical advances being employed by researchers against malaria. We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.
Currently, malaria kills more than 300,000 people per year, making it a top priority of world leaders and international organizations, who are working towards implementing and coordinating efforts to eradicate this disease. An effective malaria vaccine is recognized as the key element that will decide between success and failure in this fight. At present, despite intensive research efforts, such a vaccine is not yet available for use. However, there are a number of advanced candidate vaccines with high chances of success in the short term. Malaria: Immune Response to Infection and Vaccination provides a comprehensive view on the immune response to malaria and to the different vaccines under development. The book offers the following: - Contributions by top research leaders in the field, - Comparisons of the immune responses to both malaria infection and malaria vaccines, which are traditionally treated separately, - Coverage of the immune responses to the different stages of malaria, which are frequently treated as separate fields of research.
Complement Activation in Malaria Immunity and Pathogenesis by José A. Stoute Pdf
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is responsible for the deaths of nearly 500,000 people each year. Much attention has been paid to antibody and cellular mechanisms of immunity against this pathogen. By contrast, the role that the complement system plays in immunity and pathogenesis in this infection is not very well recognized or understood. Based on the work of a number of research groups, we know that complement plays an important role in these processes. In this book, some of the leading scientists in the field discuss the mechanisms of complement activation during malaria infection as well as the role of complement in the pathogenesis of key syndromes such as severe malarial anemia, cerebral malaria, and placental malaria. In addition, they review recently-identified complement evasion strategies of P. falciparum merozoites, and how these mechanisms may translate into paradoxical enhancement of infection rather than protection. Finally, they also discuss the role of the mosquito complement system on immunity against the parasite.
Molecular Immunological Considerations in Malaria Vaccine Development by Michael F. Good,Allan J. Saul Pdf
Some of the world's leading research scientists in the field have contributed to this new book on malaria vaccine development. The book examines various strategies being pursued against the different stages of the parasite (the sporozoite, asexual erythrocytic stages, and sexual stages). It describes vaccines that combat the parasite directly, vaccines aimed at preventing disease, vaccines based on attenuated parasites, and vaccines based on small, carefully defined synthetic peptides. The book provides a compendium of current approaches, lists of preferred antigens, and the results of vaccine trials to date. Molecular immunology involved with both the natural immune response to parasites and with the constraints on inducing immunity are emphasized throughout the book. Views on how vaccines may be tested and then integrated into malaria control programs are also discussed. Molecular Immunological Considerations in Malaria Vaccine Development will be useful for researchers and students in immunology, parasitology, biotechnology, vaccine design, and tropical and public health.
The purpose of this book is to analyze and determine how a host responds to a blood stage malaria infection. It focuses on strategies for anti-malarial vaccination, genetic control of host resistance to malaria, and the contribution of the host genetic background to resistance or susceptibility to malaria. This book is an important reference work for anyone who studies the field of microbiology, immunology, or parasitology.
Institute of Medicine,Division of International Health,Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control
Author : Institute of Medicine,Division of International Health,Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 312 pages File Size : 52,8 Mb Release : 1991-02-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 0309045274
Malaria by Institute of Medicine,Division of International Health,Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control Pdf
Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the: Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.
Breaking the cycle: attacking the malaria parasite in the liver by Ute Frevert,Urszula Krzych, Thomas L. Richie Pdf
Despite significant progress in the global fight against malaria, this parasitic infection is still responsible for nearly 300 million clinical cases and more than half a million deaths each year, predominantly in African children less than 5 years of age. The infection starts when mosquitoes transmit small numbers of parasites into the skin. From here, the parasites travel with the bloodstream to the liver where they undergo an initial round of replication and maturation to the next developmental stage that infects red blood cells. A vaccine capable of blocking the clinically silent liver phase of the Plasmodium life cycle would prevent the subsequent symptomatic phase of this tropical disease, including its frequently fatal manifestations such as severe anemia, acute lung injury, and cerebral malaria. Parasitologists, immunologists, and vaccinologists have come to appreciate the complexity of the adaptive immune response against the liver stages of this deadly parasite. Lymphocytes play a central role in the elimination of Plasmodium infected hepatocytes, both in humans and animal models, but our understanding of the exact cellular interactions and molecular effector mechanisms that lead to parasite killing within the complex hepatic microenvironment of an immune host is still rudimentary. Nevertheless, recent collaborative efforts have led to promising vaccine approaches based on liver stages that have conferred sterile immunity in humans – the University of Oxford's Ad prime / MVA boost vaccine, the Naval Medical Research Center’s DNA prime / Ad boost vaccine, Sanaria Inc.'s radiation-attenuated whole sporozoite vaccine, and Radboud University Medical Centre’s and Sanaria's derived chemoprophylaxis with sporozoites vaccines. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together researchers with expertise in malariology, immunology, hepatology, antigen discovery and vaccine development to provide a better understanding of the basic biology of Plasmodium in the liver and the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the conditions required to generate complete protection in a vaccinated individual will bring us closer to our ultimate goal, namely to develop a safe, scalable, and affordable malaria vaccine capable of inducing sustained high-level protective immunity in the large proportion of the world’s population constantly at risk of malaria.
Malaria causes more death and disease than any other parasitic pathogen known today. This multiauthored text covers the important areas of malaria research, particularly focusing on those sectors which are of clinical importance for the understanding of the disease, the parasite, and its vector. The chapter authors are all leading experts within their own particular fields. The biology and molecular biology of the parasite, the clinical spectrum of the disease, the pathogenesis of malaria, and the immunology and emergence of malaria vaccines are some examples of the scientific spheres that are discussed. The book is suitable as a text for graduate students and clinicians as well as researchers at universities and companies involved in treating or studying infectious diseases.
