Mean Type Token Ratios

Author : Jörn Piontek
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2011-03-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783640867271

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(Mean) type/token ratios by Jörn Piontek Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, University of Münster (Englisches Seminar), course: Computational Text Analysis, language: English, abstract: In this paper I will show how it is possible to compute the type/token ratio of a text by using the programming language Perl. First of all an overview about the topic will be given, including the definition of both the terms type and token and how they are used in the context of this program. Then I will explain how the program works and give further rationale for its shortcomings. Although the program is rather simple, some knowledge of the programming language Perl will be needed for the respective parts in this paper. Then I will proceed to do a short analysis of different texts and their respective type/token ratios. These texts were taken from the British National Corpus and Project Gutenberg. The results will show the need for a different measure of lexical density. One example of such a measure is the mean type/token ratio which I will go into shortly. In the Conclusion there will be a short critique of the expressiveness of type/token ratios as well as a short overview about current research on this topic.

Author : Jorn Piontek
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2011-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783640867813

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Type/Token Ratios by Jorn Piontek Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, University of Münster (Englisches Seminar), course: Computational Text Analysis, language: English, abstract: In this paper I will show how it is possible to compute the type/token ratio of a text by using the programming language Perl. First of all an overview about the topic will be given, including the definition of both the terms type and token and how they are used in the context of this program. Then I will explain how the program works and give further rationale for its shortcomings. Although the program is rather simple, some knowledge of the programming language Perl will be needed for the respective parts in this paper. Then I will proceed to do a short analysis of different texts and their respective type/token ratios. These texts were taken from the British National Corpus and Project Gutenberg. The results will show the need for a different measure of lexical density. One example of such a measure is the mean type/token ratio which I will go into shortly. In the Conclusion there will be a short critique of the expressiveness of type/token ratios as well as a short overview about current research on this topic.

Author : Ingrid Westin
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-09
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789004334007

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Language Change in English Newspaper Editorials by Ingrid Westin Pdf

This work is a corpus-based study of the language of English up-market (“quality”) newspaper editorials, covering the period 1900–1993. CENE, the Corpus of English Newspaper Editorials, was compiled for the purposes of this study and comprises editorials from the Daily Telegraph, the Guardian, and The Times chosen to represent periods at ten-year intervals. The language of the editorials was investigated with regard to features that previous research had proved to be markers of such types of discourse as might be of interest to an investigation of the development of the language of newspaper editorials. To begin with, sets of features associated with the empirically defined dimensions of linguistic variation presented in Biber (1988) were compared across decades and newspapers; these dimensions included personal involvement and information density, narrative discourse, argumentative discourse, abstract discourse, and explicit reference. However, since the study showed that the features within each set often developed in diverging directions, the old sets were broken up and new ones formed on the basis of change and continuity as well as of shared linguistic/stylistic functions, specific for newspaper editorials, among the features involved. It then became apparent that, during the 20th century, the language of the editorials developed towards greater information density and lexical specificity and diversity but at the same time towards greater informality, in so far as the use of conversational features increased. The narrative quality of the editorials at the beginning of the century gradually decreased whereas their reporting and argumentative functions remained the same over the years. When the features were compared across the newspapers analyzed, a clear distinction was noticed between The Times and the Guardian. The language of the Guardian was the most informal and the most narrative while that of The Times was the least so. The information density was the highest inThe Times and the lowest in the Guardian. In these respects, the Daily Telegraph took an intermediate position. The editorials of the Guardian were more argumentative than those of both the Daily Telegraph and The Times. As regards lexical specificity and diversity as well as sentence complexity, the Daily Telegraph scored the highest and The Times the lowest while the results obtained for the Guardian were in between the two.

Author : Lita Lundquist,Robert J. Jarvella
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110826005

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Language, Text, and Knowledge by Lita Lundquist,Robert J. Jarvella Pdf

The series serves to propagate investigations into language usage, especially with respect to computational support. This includes all forms of text handling activity, not only interlingual translations, but also conversions carried out in response to different communicative tasks. Among the major topics are problems of text transfer and the interplay between human and machine activities.

Author : D. Malvern,B. Richards,N. Chipere,P. Durán
Publisher : Springer
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2004-05-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780230511804

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Lexical Diversity and Language Development by D. Malvern,B. Richards,N. Chipere,P. Durán Pdf

Vocabulary richness, including lexical diversity and use of rare words, has an important role in assessing proficiency, diagnosing progress and testing theory in the study of language development. This book reviews different methods for quantifying how vocabulary is deployed in spontaneous speech and writing, before introducing an alternative approach which can assess overall lexical diversity, measure morphology development and compare the development of different word classes. The new approach is illustrated by its application to first and second language learners.

Author : Vaclav Brezina
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-20
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781107125704

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Statistics in Corpus Linguistics by Vaclav Brezina Pdf

A comprehensive and accessible introduction to statistics in corpus linguistics, covering multiple techniques of quantitative language analysis and data visualisation.

Author : Elizabeth Bates,Inge Bretherton,Lynn Sebestyen Snyder
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1991-09-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 052142500X

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From First Words to Grammar by Elizabeth Bates,Inge Bretherton,Lynn Sebestyen Snyder Pdf

This book is a comprehensive study of the passage from first words to grammar in a sample of children large enough to permit systematic analysis of individual differences in style and rate of development. The authors provide a large body of information about first words and early grammatical development in qualitative and quantitative patterns that are useful not only for researchers in the field, but for speech/language pathologists and early childhood educators interested in the assessment of early language. The results support a unified functionalist approach to language development, and have implications for the way we think about the structure and breakdown of language under normal and abnormal conditions.

Author : Paul Baker
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2006-06-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0826477259

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Using Corpora in Discourse Analysis by Paul Baker Pdf

Examines approaches to carrying out discourse analysis (DA) using techniques that are grounded in corpus linguistics. This book evaluates a variety of corpus-based methodologies including: collocations, keyness, concordances, dispersion plots, and building and annotating corpora.

Author : Simeon Yates,Margaret Wetherell,Stephanie Taylor,Simeon J Yates
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2001-05-25
Category : Education
ISBN : 0761971580

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Discourse as Data by Simeon Yates,Margaret Wetherell,Stephanie Taylor,Simeon J Yates Pdf

Discourse as Data uses a step-by-step approach to introduce the principal range of methods for discourse analysis, and offers the reader practical opportunities to try out analytic concepts on new data. The contributors come from across the social sciences - each an expert in a different core method in discourse analysis.

Author : R. Harald Baayen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2002-09-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1402009275

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Word Frequency Distributions by R. Harald Baayen Pdf

This book is a comprehensive introduction to the statistical analysis of word frequency distributions, intended for computational linguists, corpus linguists, psycholinguists, and researchers in the field of quantitative stylistics. It aims to make these techniques more accessible for non-specialists, both theoretically, by means of a careful introduction to the underlying probabilistic and statistical concepts, and practically, by providing a program library implementing the main models for word frequency distributions.

Author : Douglas Biber
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1991-12-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781316582329

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Variation across Speech and Writing by Douglas Biber Pdf

Similarities and differences between speech and writing have been the subject of innumerable studies, but until now there has been no attempt to provide a unified linguistic analysis of the whole range of spoken and written registers in English. In this widely acclaimed empirical study, Douglas Biber uses computational techniques to analyse the linguistic characteristics of twenty three spoken and written genres, enabling identification of the basic, underlying dimensions of variation in English. In Variation Across Speech and Writing, six dimensions of variation are identified through a factor analysis, on the basis of linguistic co-occurence patterns. The resulting model of variation provides for the description of the distinctive linguistic characteristics of any spoken or written text andd emonstrates the ways in which the polarization of speech and writing has been misleading, and thus enables reconciliation of the contradictory conclusions reached in previous research.

Author : Katherine Nelson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Children
ISBN : LCCN:lc74164296

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Structure and Strategy in Learning to Talk by Katherine Nelson Pdf

Author : Sylviane Granger,Geoffrey Leech
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317885597

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Learner English on Computer by Sylviane Granger,Geoffrey Leech Pdf

The first book of its kind, Learner English on Computer is intended to provide linguists, students of linguistics and modern languages, and ELT professionals with a highly accessible and comprehensive introduction to the new and rapidly-expanding field of corpus-based research into learner language. Edited by the founder and co-ordinator of the International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE), the book contains articles on all aspects of corpus compilation, design and analysis. The book is divided into three main sections; in Part I, the first chapter provides the reader with an overview of the field, explaining links with corpus and applied linguistics, second language acquisition and ELT. The second chapter reviews the software tools which are currently available for analysing learner language and contains useful examples of how they can be used. Part 2 contains eight case studies in which computer learner corpora are analysed for various lexical, discourse and grammatical features. The articles contain a wide range of methodologies with broad general application. The chapters in Part 3 look at how Computer Learner Corpus (CLC) based studies can help improve pedagogical tools: EFL grammars, dictionaries, writing textbooks and electronic tools. Implications for classroom methodology are also discussed. The comprehensive scope of this volume should be invaluable to applied linguists and corpus linguists as well as to would-be learner corpus builders and analysts who wish to discover more about a new, exciting and fast-growing field of research.

Author : Susan C. Herring
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027250544

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Computer-mediated Communication by Susan C. Herring Pdf

Text-based interaction among humans connected via computer networks, such as takes place via email and in synchronous modes such as chat, MUDs and MOOs, has attracted considerable popular and scholarly attention. This collection of 14 articles on text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC), is the first to bring empirical evidence from a variety of disciplinary perspectives to bear on questions raised by the new medium.The first section, linguistic perspectives, addresses the question of how CMC compares with speaking and writing, and describes its unique structural characteristics. Section two, on social and ethical perspectives, explores conflicts between the interests of groups and those of individual users, including issues of online sex and sexism. In the third section, cross-cultural perspectives, the advantages and risks of using CMC to communicate across cultures are examined in three studies involving users in East Asia, Mexico, and students of ethnically diverse backgrounds in remedial writing classes in the United States. The final section deals with the effects of CMC on group interaction: in a women s studies mailing list, a hierarchically-organized workplace, and a public protest on the Internet against corporate interests.

Author : Shin Yi Chew,Lee Luan Ng
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-04-13
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783030674250

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Interpersonal Interactions and Language Learning by Shin Yi Chew,Lee Luan Ng Pdf

This book takes as its starting point the assumption that interpersonal communication is a crucial aspect of successful language learning. Following an examination of different communicative models, the authors focus on traditional face-to-face (F2F) interactions, before going on to compare these with the forms of computer-mediated communication (CMC) enabled by recent developments in educational technology. They also address the question of individual differences, particularly learners' preferred participation styles, and explore how F2F and CMC formats might impact learners differently. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of computer-mediated communication (CMC), computer-assisted language learning (CALL), technology-enhanced language learning (TELL), language acquisition and language education more broadly.