New Perspectives In Neurosteroids Action A Special Player Allopregnanolone

Author : Valerio Magnaghi,Giulia Puja
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-01
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
ISBN : 9782889195558

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New Perspectives in Neurosteroids action: a Special Player Allopregnanolone by Valerio Magnaghi,Giulia Puja Pdf

Early in the 80’s date the first observations on the existence of hormonal steroids that may be synthesized and act in the nervous system. In order to refer to these endogenous steroids, proved important to control both central and peripheral nervous system, it was proposed the term “neurosteroids” (NSs). Over the years, their importance in regulating the physiological functions of neuronal and glial cells increased progressively. These steroids can be involved in several pathophysiological conditions such as depression, anxiety, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease. Among the different classes of NSs, the progestagens revealed particularly important. The progesterone metabolite 5a-pregnan-3a-ol-20-one, also named tetrahydroprogesterone or allopregnanolone (ALLO) was one of the first most important steroid that was originally shown to act as neurosteroid. ALLO is synthesized through the action of the 5aR-3a-HSD, which converts P into DHP and subsequently, via a bidirectional reaction, into ALLO. NSs exert complex effects in the nervous system through ‘classic’, genomic, and ‘non-classic’, non-genomic actions. ALLO displays a rapid ‘non-genomic’ effect, which mainly involves the potent modulation of the GABA type A (GABA-A) receptor function. Recently a membrane receptor has been identified as target for ALLO effects, i.e. the membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) that are able to activate a signalling cascade through G protein dependent mechanisms. By these ways, ALLO is able to modulate several cell functions, acting as neurogenic molecule on neural progenitor cells, as well as by activating proliferation and differentiation of glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this topic, we review the most recent acquisitions in the field of neurosteroids, focusing our attention on ALLO because its effects on the physiology of neurons and glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous system are intriguing and could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for neuroprotection and/or regeneration of injured nervous tissues and for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Author : Graziano Pinna
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1634820762

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Fluoxetine by Graziano Pinna Pdf

Fluoxetine, best known by the trade name Prozac®, unlike other psychotropic drugs whose effects were serendipitously stumbled upon, was the first developed for a precise mechanism of action, that is, the ability to selectively inhibit serotonin reuptake, based upon the theory that increasing the availability of serotonin would treat major depression. Once approved by the FDA in 1987, fluoxetine quickly became the most prescribed psychotropic drug worldwide and its success in improving mood disorders has triggered the development of a large number of congener molecules, commonly known as SSRIs after their purported mechanism of action. However, a quarter of a century after its development, the idea that fluoxetine asserts its positive behavioral effect through inhibition of serotonergic reuptake is not firmly established. This book reviews several preclinical and clinical reports suggesting that the pharmacological effects of fluoxetine may be mediated by means other than the regulation of serotonin, including the regulation of gene expression, modifying epigenetic mechanisms as well as modifying microRNAs. One of the most prominent mechanisms for the therapeutic relevance of fluoxetine relates to influencing neuroplasticity by enhancing neurotropic factors, including BDNF signaling and altering adult neurogenesis. The ability of fluoxetine to rapidly increase neurosteroid levels accounts for the fast anxiolytic effects of this drug. Fluoxetine action at sigma-1 receptor or modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission as well as the combination of fluoxetine with other psychotropic drugs is discussed in relation to its therapeutic effects. While fluoxetine was primarily prescribed as an antidepressant, this drug currently represents a treatment of choice for a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder and a range of anxiety disorders. This drug even possesses analgesic actions and is a valuable therapy for stroke. This book also highlights emerging evidence on the gender-specific effects of fluoxetine, its potential adverse features, including its addiction liability in combination with psychostimulants, and the impact of perinatal fluoxetine exposure.

Author : Rebecca M. Shansky
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128021989

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Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System by Rebecca M. Shansky Pdf

Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System offers a comprehensive examination of the current state of sex differences research, from both the basic science and clinical research perspectives. Given the current NIH directive that funded preclinical research must consider both females and males, this topic is of interest to an increasing percentage of the neuroscience research population. The volume serves as an invaluable resource, offering coverage of a wide range of topics: sex differences in cognition, learning, and memory, sex hormone signaling mechanisms, neuroimmune interactions, epigenetics, social behavior, neurologic disease, psychological disorders, and stress. Discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations are included. Details how sex hormones have widespread effects on the nervous system and influence the way males and females function Assists readers in determining how sex impacts their research and practice, and assists in determining how to adjust research programs to incorporate sex influences Includes discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations, and at various developmental stages Features revised and updated chapters by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available

Author : Yogesh Dwivedi
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781439838815

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The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide by Yogesh Dwivedi Pdf

With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.

Author : Dick F. Swaab,Ruud M. Buijs,Felix Kreier,Paul J. Lucassen,Ahmad Salehi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128199749

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The Human Hypothalamus by Dick F. Swaab,Ruud M. Buijs,Felix Kreier,Paul J. Lucassen,Ahmad Salehi Pdf

The Human Hypothalamus: Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Volume 181 in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, provides comprehensive summaries of recent research on the brain and nervous system as they relate to clinical neurology. This volume identifies the neurobiology and neurophysiology of disorders relating to the hypothalamus and provides treatment information for these disorders. Disorders covered include neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, periodic, and autoimmune disorders. Coverage includes Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, epilepsy, sleep, pain, depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, schizophrenia, autism, aggressions, addiction, and more. Summarizes research on how the hypothalamus relates to neurological disorders Contains neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, periodic and autonomic disorders Includes the neurobiology of, and treatment for, each disorder Covers depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, schizophrenia, autism, aggression, addiction, and more Provides coverage of sleep and pain

Author : Gorazd Drevensek
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789230147

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Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases by Gorazd Drevensek Pdf

The book provides chapters on sex hormones and their modulation in neurodegenerative processes and pathologies, from basic molecular mechanisms, physiology, gender differences, to neuroprotection and clinical aspects for potential novel pharmacotherapy approaches. The book contains 14 chapters written by authors from various biomedical professions, from basic researchers in biology and physiology to medicine and veterinary medicine, pharmacologists, psychiatrist, etc. Chapters sum up the past and current knowledge on sex hormones, representing original new insights into their role in brain functioning, mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The book is written for a broad range of audience, from biomedical students to highly profiled medical specialists and biomedical researchers, helping them to expand their knowledge on sex hormones in neurodegenerative processes and opening new questions for further investigation.

Author : Maurizio Popoli,David Diamond,Gerard Sanacora
Publisher : Springer
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493910564

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Synaptic Stress and Pathogenesis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders by Maurizio Popoli,David Diamond,Gerard Sanacora Pdf

Recent studies show that changes in Glutamate/GABA synapses and related pathways may determine whether the synaptic plasticity that occurs as a response to stress is adaptive or maladaptive. Findings have shed new light on the mechanisms that determine the effects of stress on cognitive and affective function. Researchers have brought a wide range of techniques to bear on the study of this problem, including cutting-edge live imaging techniques, electrophysiology, glutamate release from isolated live synaptic terminals, development of transgenic and animal models and new behavioral methods. This book provides an overview of these recent findings and of the techniques used as well as a discussion of how the molecular, cellular, and functional effects of stress may trigger or precipitate neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety and PTSD.

Author : Richard Fish,Peggy J. Danneman,Marilyn Brown,Alicia Karas
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2011-04-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780080559834

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Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals by Richard Fish,Peggy J. Danneman,Marilyn Brown,Alicia Karas Pdf

Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals focuses on the special anesthetic, analgesic, and postoperative care requirements associated with experimental surgery. Fully revised and updated this new edition provides the reader with agents, methods, and techniques for anesthesia and analgesia that ensure humane and successful procedural outcomes. * Provides researchers with the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the use of anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals * Thoroughly updated with new material on ferrets, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates * Includes hot topic areas such as pain research, ethical issues, legal issues, and imaging studies

Author : Jean-Marc Kamenka,Edward F. Domino
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1016 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015034017932

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Multiple Sigma and PCP Receptor Ligands by Jean-Marc Kamenka,Edward F. Domino Pdf

Author : Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2009-05-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195326611

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Hormones and Brain Plasticity by Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura Pdf

Proposing that hormones modulate metaplasticity in the brain, the author covers a wide variety of hormones, brain regions, and neuroplastic events, and also provides a new theoretical background with which to interpret the interaction of hormones and brain remodeling throughout the entire life of the organism.--[Source inconnue].

Author : GianCarlo Panzica,Roberto C. Melcangi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Autocrine mechanisms
ISBN : UVA:X004781095

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Steroids and the Nervous System by GianCarlo Panzica,Roberto C. Melcangi Pdf

This volume covers emerging and intriguing topics related to research into steroids and the nervous system, with a major focus on glucocorticoids, non-classical mechanism of action, regulation of reproduction, steroids and glial cells, behavioural effects and pathological correlations.

Author : Luigi Valzelli
Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015000291289

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Psychopharmacology of Aggression by Luigi Valzelli Pdf

Author : Somnath Banerjee
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789535110866

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents by Somnath Banerjee Pdf

ADHD in children and adolescents is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is recognized by the clinicians all over the world. ADHD is a clinical diagnosis based on reliable history, reports from home and school and a physical examination to rule out any other underlying medical conditions. ADHD can cause low self-esteem in the child and impair quality of life for the child and the family. It is known that ADHD is a chronic illness and that clinicians needed to use chronic illness principles in treating it. The last 10 years have seen an increase in the number of medications that have been approved for the treatment of ADHD. This book has tried to address some of the issues in ADHD.

Author : Joseph F. Goldberg,Stephen M. Stahl
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 611 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781108450744

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Practical Psychopharmacology by Joseph F. Goldberg,Stephen M. Stahl Pdf

A practical guide translating clinical trials findings, across major psychiatric disorders, to devise tailored, evidence-based treatments.

Author : Adam C. Errington,Giuseppe Di Giovanni,Vincenzo Crunelli
Publisher : Springer
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493914265

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Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Adam C. Errington,Giuseppe Di Giovanni,Vincenzo Crunelli Pdf

GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.