Obesity Induced Inflammation And Insulin Resistance

Author : Tsuguhito Ota
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 121 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2015-03-26
Category : Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
ISBN : 9782889194285

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Obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance by Tsuguhito Ota Pdf

Immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and this interface maintains a central homeostatic system, dysfunction of which can cause obesity-associated metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is an underlying basis for the pathogenesis of these metabolic diseases. Overnutrition or obesity activates the innate immune system with subsequent recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance. In particular, a significant advance in our understanding of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance has been recognition of the critical role of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). ATMs are a prominent source of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a and IL-6, that can block insulin action in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver autocrine/paracrine signaling and cause systemic insulin resistance via endocrine signaling, providing a potential link between inflammation and insulin resistance. All articles in this topic highlight the interconnection between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance in all its diversity to the mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and role of immune system in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Author : Paramjit S. Tappia,Bram Ramjiawan,Naranjan S. Dhalla
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030353582

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Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications by Paramjit S. Tappia,Bram Ramjiawan,Naranjan S. Dhalla Pdf

​According to the World Health Organization, the epidemic of global obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, over 650 million of which were obese. Being overweight and obese has been linked to a number of non-communicable, chronic diseases. Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications is a compilation of review articles dedicated to describe co-morbidities associated with obesity. The wide range that is covered is of significant interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students who are engaged in studying obesity-induced health complications. Furthermore, this book highlights the potential of novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related illnesses. Nineteen articles in this book are organized in four sections that are designed to provide an overview of obesity-induced health complications. The first section serves as an introductory section on the prevalence, causes, consequences, treatments and preventive approaches for obesity. Section two covers the metabolic disturbances and inflammation due to obesity. The third section is focused on neurological and visceral complications as a consequence of obesity. The final section covers strategies for the prevention of obesity-induced complications. The book illustrates that obesity can result in a diverse range of pathophysiological conditions that adversely affect health.

Author : Atif B. Awad,Peter G. Bradford
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2009-10-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781420091311

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Adipose Tissue and Inflammation by Atif B. Awad,Peter G. Bradford Pdf

The American Obesity Association identifies obesity's link to numerous medical conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several cancers, and a host of inflammatory disorders. Evidence indicates that inflammation has more than a corollary relation with obesity; that in fact, obesity itself manifests a low-grade, m

Author : Dimiter Avtanski,Leonid Poretsky
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2023-09-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031397219

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Obesity, Diabetes and Inflammation by Dimiter Avtanski,Leonid Poretsky Pdf

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that affects half a billion people. It has been estimated that, if current trends continue, by 2050, 60% of men and 50% of women worldwide will be obese. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue caused by overweight and obesity lead to a chronic inflammatory state, which results in impaired insulin sensitivity and the development of diabetes. Currently, the number of people affected by diabetes globally exceeds 400 million (rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries). In 2019, diabetes was the ninth leading cause of mortality, with an estimated 1.5 million direct deaths. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between inflammation, obesity, and diabetes. It focuses on the pathogenesis and biological mechanisms of obesity, the interaction between adipose tissue and the immune system, the role of genetic and environmental factors, the progression of cardiovascular complications, and the association of obesity and inflammation with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. This volume also includes practical recommendations for preventing and managing these conditions using both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Written by experts in the field, Obesity, Diabetes and Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Management addresses the role of inflammation in both obesity and diabetes, its effect on vascular and non-vascular pathologies, oxidative stress, genetics, and epigenetics. This text aims to be a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students of medicine at all levels.

Author : Helmut Sies
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2007-07-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 142004379X

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Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity, Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome by Helmut Sies Pdf

Characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, metabolic syndrome is associated with the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Obesity, which increases the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and subsequently leads to increased stress and inflammation, appears to play a central role in the progression of the syndrome. Evidence of inflammatory processes in accumulated fat appears to be an early initiator of metabolic syndrome. Likewise, the more active angiotensin system in obesity may contribute to even greater oxidative stress that serves as a key signaling event in vascular remodeling. These factors strengthen obesity's association with oxidative stress. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity, Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome is designed to encourage the development of evidence-based nutritional and pharmacological therapies that can attenuate the impact of obesity-induced insulin resistance and ensuing metabolic syndrome. The book offers a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the process. Edited by leading authorities on oxidative stress, the book's chapters report on cutting-edge research that explores intracellular events mediating or preventing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory processes in obesity and type 2 diabetes. It also brings together research on the molecular mechanisms inherent in the progression of metabolic stress, includes phenotypic perspectives, and discusses dietary factors, including the role of micronutrients. The chapter authors, each a leading expert in his or her field, discuss different components of metabolic stress and obesity and their associations with oxidative stress and inflammation. The book fills a unique role as a base of knowledge for researchers seeking to develop nutritional and or pharmacological therapies, as well as clinicians seeking a better understanding of this increasingly common disease process.

Author : Todd Leff,James G. Granneman
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2010-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 352762953X

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Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease by Todd Leff,James G. Granneman Pdf

This timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.

Author : Asija Začiragić
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811479632

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Meta-Inflammation and Obesity by Asija Začiragić Pdf

For decades, scientific efforts have been made to understand obesity and related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration, and their link with meta-inflammation. Adipose tissue is, at present, viewed as an endocrine organ with important biological effects on metabolism and inflammation, with a possible role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation has gained significant attention as the key player in the pathophysiology of obesity- and aging-associated diseases. Keeping view of this trend, Meta-Inflammation and Obesity offers readers state-of-the-art knowledge on this subject. Chapters cover special topics such as gender differences in obesity-related type 2 diabetes as the consequence of inflammatory response, insights into metabolic changes caused by excessive adipose tissue (which lead to abnormal brain metabolism, neuroinflammation, cognitive decline, development of type 3 diabetes), and the importance of inflammaging in the aging process. Graduate, postgraduate and Ph. D. candidates in medicine, pharmacy, and students of applied medicine, health care professionals as well as scientists involved in adipose tissue research, meta-inflammation analysis, obesity-related medical specialties will find this book a useful reference on the link between inflammation and obesity.

Author : Raman Mehrzad
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2022-09-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323909617

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Inflammation and Obesity by Raman Mehrzad Pdf

Inflammation and Obesity: A New and Novel Approach to Manage Obesity and its Consequences is a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of the correlation between obesity and inflammation. From the pathophysiology of obesity and inflammation, to the molecular mechanisms of obesity induced chronic inflammation, the book discusses how obesity and inflammation interact with other diseases. It highlights the hidden risk factors of obesity induced chronic inflammation, provides specific patient management guidelines regarding the higher inflammatory response in patients, and concludes with new therapeutic strategies to address inflammation in obese patients. Identifies the hidden physiological changes that accompany obesity, while also highlighting the challenge of managing obesity with a higher inflammatory response Discusses major hidden health risks of inflammation that accompany obesity, as well as management guidelines for obese patients Links the pathophysiology of inflammation and obesity to the therapeutic strategies that minimizes risk factors, thus opening new areas of research

Author : Paramjit S. Tappia,Bram Ramjiawan,Naranjan S. Dhalla
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030847630

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Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Obesity by Paramjit S. Tappia,Bram Ramjiawan,Naranjan S. Dhalla Pdf

Global health has been challenged with the dawning of the era of the obesity epidemic, and thus as a consequence, strategies to reduce obesity have become public health priorities. According to the United Nations, obesity has been identified as a concern for achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Obesity is a serious health problem with an increased risk of several common diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Although the fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an imbalance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure, the underlying biochemical and metabolic processes that cause obesity are not fully understood. Two earlier volumes dedicated to the subject of obesity, published in the series “Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease” focused on the pathophysiology of obesity-induced health complications and the biochemistry of cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity. This book brings together contributions from international experts in the field to describe advancements on the mechanisms leading to development of obesity and related complications. There are 21 chapters in two different parts in this book, comprising of Part I: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Obesity (11 chapters) and Part II: Therapeutic Mechanisms of Obesity (10 chapters). This book will serve as a resource and be of interest to health professionals, medical students, fellows, residents and graduate students. It will also evoke innovative research and effective approaches for the prevention of obesity. This volume will accentuate that obesity is a major health hazard in its own right and that appropriate public health measures should be implemented to prevent or reduce or even reverse the impact of this global chronic disease.

Author : Ayse Basak Engin,Atilla Engin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017-06-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319483825

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Obesity and Lipotoxicity by Ayse Basak Engin,Atilla Engin Pdf

Due to the resultant health consequences and considerable increase in prevalence, obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. “Obesity and Lipotoxicity” is a comprehensive review of the recent researches to provide a better understanding of the lipotoxicity-related mechanisms of obesity and the potential for the development of new treatment strategies. This book overviews the biochemical pathways leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders that occur subsequent to lipotoxicity. Chapters examine the deleterious effects of nutrient excess at molecular level including the cellular and molecular aspects of breast cancer, resistance to leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and interconnection between the circadian clock and metabolic pathways during high-fat feeding. “Lipotoxicity and Obesity” will be a useful resource for clinicians and basic science researchers, such as biochemists, toxicologists, immunologists, nutritionists, adult and pediatric endocrinologists, cardiologists, as well as students who are thought in this field.

Author : Naveed Sattar,Mike Lean
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-04-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781444312706

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ABC of Obesity by Naveed Sattar,Mike Lean Pdf

Obesity is a hugely expensive and increasing problem worldwide,leading to disability, reproductive problems, depression andaccelerated metabolic and vascular diseases in a large proportionof men, women and children. The ABC of Obesity is a newguide which will aid its effective management, addressing issuessuch as dieting, exercise, self esteem, drug treatment and surgery.Recent evidence is used to highlight frequent problems, successfultreatment options, and the most common causes. Written by leading experts, this is a widely accessible text andan indispensable guide for all general practitioners, juniordoctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who areinvolved in the treatment and research of this commoncondition.

Author : Andrew J. Dannenberg,Nathan A. Berger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461468196

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Obesity, Inflammation and Cancer by Andrew J. Dannenberg,Nathan A. Berger Pdf

In addition to its metabolic and endocrinologic effects, obesity and adipose tissue have now been shown to be associated with low grade inflammation resulting in cellular and humoral inflammatory factors of which the latter may act by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. These inflammatory mediators have increasingly been suggested as contributing to the obesity link to carcinogenesis and cancer promotion. This volume of Energy Balance and Cancer will focus on recent developments and cutting edge research pointing to inflammation and inflammatory factors as key mediators of this linkage. The volume first provides information on inflammation as an important link between obesity and insulin resistance, which is in itself linked to promotion of cancer through hyperinsulinemia. The volume then covers some of the most important mechanisms by which obesity leads to inflammation, including the novel inflammasome concept, alterations in chromatin structure, circulating inflammatory factors, unique cellular interactions between adipocytes and macrophages and the direct link of dietary fat to inflammation and cancer. Overall, this volume will provide important insight to help understand how inflammation may help modulate the linkage between obesity and cancer and serve as a platform for developing future research in this area.

Author : Carsten Carlberg,Stine Marie Ulven,Ferdinand Molnár
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-02-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030369484

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Nutrigenomics: How Science Works by Carsten Carlberg,Stine Marie Ulven,Ferdinand Molnár Pdf

The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between our diet and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannahs of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life and our life-long “chat” with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. The content of this book is based on the lecture course “Nutrigenomics”, which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book represents an updated but simplified version of our textbook “Nutrigenomics” (ISBN 978-3-319-30413-7). Besides its value as a textbook, “Nutrigenomics: how science works” will be a useful reference for individuals working in biomedicine

Author : Saverio Cinti
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Medical
ISBN : 8885030327

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The Adipose Organ by Saverio Cinti Pdf

Author : Khalid Hussain Bhat
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-03-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789846447

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Macrophage Activation by Khalid Hussain Bhat Pdf

Macrophages are the sentinels of the immune system whose role has evolved beyond providing aseptic conditions to homeostasis, immune regulation, development, and behaviour. These cells have varied ontogenetic origins which reflects in their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Macrophage functions are fine-tuned by exogenous and endogenous signals and once tweaked, the information is included in their genetic makeup, albeit not indefinitely. Subversion of the macrophage functions is the hallmark of many pathogenic organisms and modulation of macrophage activity is pivotal to many therapeutic strategies. Fascinating and rapid developments in this field have necessitated the maintenance of currency of knowledge. This book provides a current account of information on varied topics in macrophage biology. Literature surveys have been presented in a captivating and lucid language. The contributing authors have also provided brief accounts of their own research. Every chapter provides a future perspective of what more could be achieved in the context of the current knowledge. The book will be of interest to students and researchers in microbiology, immunobiology, translational research, pathology, and related fields.