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A collection of powerful new techniques for oligonucleotide synthesis and for the use of modified oligonucleotides in biotechnology. Among the protocol highlights are a novel two-step process that yields a high purity, less costly, DNA, the synthesis of phosphorothioates using new sulfur transfer agents, the synthesis of LNA, peptide conjugation methods to improve cellular delivery and cell-specific targeting, and triple helix formation. The applications include using molecular beacons to monitor the PCR amplification process, nuclease footprinting to study the sequence-selective binding of small molecules of DNA, nucleic acid libraries, and the use of small interference RNA (siRNA) as an inhibitor of gene expression.
Synthesis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides by Satoshi Obika,Mitsuo Sekine Pdf
This book presents the latest knowledge on a broad range of topics relating to the synthesis of natural and artificial oligonucleotides with therapeutic potential. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are attracting much attention, and numerous therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, splice-switching oligonucleotides, and nucleic acid aptamers, are being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Synthesis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides covers a broad range of topics in the field that are of high relevance to researchers, including the synthesis of natural and chemically modified oligonucleotides, the development of novel nucleic acid analogs, industrial scale synthesis and purification of oligonucleotides, and important aspects of chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC). The aim is to provide new insights and inspire fresh ideas in nucleic acid chemistry that may ultimately lead to novel concepts and techniques and the discovery of more effective nucleic acid drugs. The book will be of high value for both established researchers in the field and students intending to specialize in nucleic acid chemistry research.
Protocols for Oligonucleotides and Analogs by Sudhir Agrawal Pdf
When first conceived, not only was the aim of Protocols for Oligo nucleotides and Analogs to provide wide coverage of the ohgonuc- otide chemistry field for readers who are well versed within the field, but also to give investigators just entering into the field a new perspective. The very first book on this topic was edited and published by Michael Gait in 1984, in whose laboratory I encountered the newer aspects of oligonucleotide chemistry. Since then, oligonucleotide research has developed to such an extent that its uses extend far beyond basic studies, and now find wide application throughout clinical science as well. Until recently, the major application of oligonucleotides has been in the area of DNA-based diagnostic and "antisense oligonucleotid- based therapeutic approaches. However, oligonucleotides are now also being used as therapeutic agents and are thus frequently found in clinical trials in humans. Synthesis of unmodified oligonucleotides using automated synthe sizers has become a common practice in numerous laboratories. How ever, improvements on the existing techniques and the introduction of ever newer methods for oligonucleotide synthesis is constantly driving ahead in the leading research laboratories. And several new oligonucle otide analogs have been synthesized and studied for their individual prop erties in recent years. The present volume strives to bring the readers the most up-to-date information on the newest aspects of synthesis of oligo nucleotides and their analogs. A separate volume covers synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates, along with most of the analytical techniques presently used for analysis of oligonucleotides.
Oligonucleotides and Analogues by Fritz Eckstein Pdf
Interest in oligonucleotide synthesis has expanded dramatically since the publication of M. Gait's book in this series in 1984. The process has been automated, new reagents have been developed, and the range of uses for the compounds produced has increased and continues to grow. This volume provides practical guidance on oligonucleotide synthesis and methods for introducing modifications into these molecules. State- of-the-art techniques for automated synthesis are covered in two chapters on the production of oligodeoxynucleotides and oligoribonucleotides. Synthesis of modified oligodeoxynucleotides is also detailed, including modification of the phosphate backbone to produce phosphorothioates, phosphorodithiolates and methyl phosphonates, all of which are of considerable importance due to thier potential therapeutic applications. Other chapters decsribe production of sugar-modified ilgodeoxynucleotides and the attachment of various reported groups; these techniques are useful to those interested in non-radioactive probes for hybridization and for the study of DNA-DNA and DNA protein interactions. This book will be of interest to academic and industrial researchers, enabling both chemists and non-chemists to synthesize oligonucleotides and analogues for a wide variety of experimental purposes.
Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry by Serge L. Beaucage Pdf
Good methods must be reliable, well-tested, and honed to minimize the time and expense required to achieve the desired results. CPNC provides a continuously growing and evolving set of protocols that allows researchers to benefit from the experience of other researchers around the world. The core manual provides a comprehensive set of protocols that have been compiled, revised, and streamlined over the last 6 years. Quarterly updates provide new protocols in emerging areas of research as well as continued advances and new applications for fundamental methods. The book is designed to grow and change with the field of nucleic acid chemistry. Fundamental nucleoside chemistry methods include sugar-base condensation, phosphorylation, and nucleoside protection. Methods for oligonucleotide synthesis include H-phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches, solid-phase and solution-phase synthesis, large-scale synthesis, synthesis for modified and unmodified oligonucleotides, conjugation of oligonucleotides, synthesis without base protection, and synthesis on microarrays. More specialized synthetic methods include synthesis of biologically active nucleosides and prodrugs. Purification and characterization methods are detailed. Advanced methods include biophysical analysis, combinatorial methods, and nanotechnology. Each protocol includes rationale for choosing appropriate methods, step-by-step procedures, complete recipes, anticipated results, characterization data, and troubleshooting, as well as background and recommended reading. The level of procedural detail is far beyond that found in the research literature, and tips and comments from authors are geared towards ensuring reliable duplication in the laboratory.
Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives by Jesús Fernández Lucas,María-José Camarasa Rius Pdf
A review of innovative tools for creative nucleic acid chemists that open the door to novel probes and therapeutic agents Nucleic acids continue to gain importance as novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. With contributions from noted scientists and scholars, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practical reference that includes a wide range of approaches for the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives. The book covers enzymatic (including chemo-enzymatic) methods, with a focus on the synthesis and incorporation of modified nucleosides. The authors also offer a review of innovative approaches for the non-enzymatic chemical synthesis of nucleic acids and their analogs and derivatives, highlighting especially challenging species. The book offers a concise review of the methods that prepare novel and heavily modified polynucleotides in sufficient amount and purity for most clinical and research applications. This important book: -Presents a timely and topical guide to the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives -Addresses the growing market for nucleotide-derived pharmaceuticals used as anti-infectives and chemotherapeutic agents, as well as fungicides and other agrochemicals. -Covers novel methods and the most recent trends in the field -Contains contributions from an international panel of noted scientistics Written for biochemists, medicinal chemists, natural products chemists, organic chemists, and biotechnologists, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practice-oriented guide that reviews innovative methods for the enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acid species.
Elizabeth van Pelt-Verkuil,Alex van Belkum,John P. Hays
Author : Elizabeth van Pelt-Verkuil,Alex van Belkum,John P. Hays Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 333 pages File Size : 42,5 Mb Release : 2008-03-14 Category : Science ISBN : 9781402062414
Principles and Technical Aspects of PCR Amplification by Elizabeth van Pelt-Verkuil,Alex van Belkum,John P. Hays Pdf
Kary Mullis was awarded a Nobel Prize for inventing the PCR technique more than a decade ago in 1993. Since its "discovery", multiple adaptations and variations of the standard PCR technique have been described. This publication aims to provide the reader with a guide to the standard PCR technique and its many available variants, with particular emphasis being placed on the role of these PCR techniques in the clinical diagnostic laboratory (the central theme of this book).
Author : Jang B. Rampal Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 923 pages File Size : 55,7 Mb Release : 2007-07-27 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781588295897
Microarray Technology, Volumes 1 and 2, present information in designing and fabricating arrays and binding studies with biological analytes while providing the reader with a broad description of microarray technology tools and their potential applications. The first volume deals with methods and protocols for the preparation of microarrays. The second volume details applications and data analysis, which is important in analyzing the enormous data coming out of microarray experiments. Among the topics discussed in Volume 1: Synthesis Methods, are matrices in the synthesis of microarrays, array optimization processes, array-based comparative genomic hybridization, 60-mer oligonucleotide probes, bifunctional reagents NTMTA and NTPAC, and high density arrays using digital microarray synthesis platforms. Other topics include multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), hybridization conditions in situ-synthesized oligo arrays, peptide arrays, high density replication tools (HDRT), protocols for the quantification of oligo hybridization, glyco-bead arrays, and an investigation into the emerging nano technology. Microarray Technology, Volumes 1 and 2, provide ample information to all levels of scientists from novice to those intimately familiar with array technology.
Synthetic Biology — A Primer (Revised Edition) presents an updated overview of the field of synthetic biology and the foundational concepts on which it is built. This revised edition includes new literature references, working and updated URL links, plus some new figures and text where progress in the field has been made. The book introduces readers to fundamental concepts in molecular biology and engineering and then explores the two major themes for synthetic biology, namely 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' engineering approaches. 'Top-down' engineering uses a conceptual framework of systematic design and engineering principles focused around the Design-Build-Test cycle and mathematical modelling. The 'bottom-up' approach involves the design and building of synthetic protocells using basic chemical and biochemical building blocks from scratch exploring the fundamental basis of living systems. Examples of cutting-edge applications designed using synthetic biology principles are presented, including: the production of novel, microbial synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicalsthe design and implementation of biosensors to detect infections and environmental waste. The book also describes the Internationally Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition, which brings together students and young researchers from around the world to carry out summer projects in synthetic biology. Finally, the primer includes a chapter on the ethical, legal and societal issues surrounding synthetic biology, illustrating the integration of social sciences into synthetic biology research. Final year undergraduates, postgraduates and established researchers interested in learning about the interdisciplinary field of synthetic biology will benefit from this up-to-date primer on synthetic biology. Contents:List of ContributorsPrefaceIntroduction to BiologyBasic Concepts in Engineering BiologyFoundational TechnologiesMinimal Cells and Synthetic LifeParts, Devices and SystemsModelling Synthetic Biology SystemsApplications of Designed Biological SystemsiGEMThe Societal Impact of Synthetic BiologyAppendices:Proforma of Common Laboratory TechniquesGlossaryIndex Readership: Students, professionals, researchers in biotechnology and bioengineering. Keywords:Synthetic Biology;Engineering Principles;Biosociety;Biological Engineering;BiotechnologyKey Features:The book is written in a way that is accessible to students and researchers from different disciplinesThe authors are part of the internationally recognised Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation and are among the leaders in this field
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III by Anonim Pdf
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Eight Volume Set provides a contemporary and forward-looking critical analysis and summary of recent developments, emerging trends, and recently identified new areas where medicinal chemistry is having an impact. The discipline of medicinal chemistry continues to evolve as it adapts to new opportunities and strives to solve new challenges. These include drug targeting, biomolecular therapeutics, development of chemical biology tools, data collection and analysis, in silico models as predictors for biological properties, identification and validation of new targets, approaches to quantify target engagement, new methods for synthesis of drug candidates such as green chemistry, development of novel scaffolds for drug discovery, and the role of regulatory agencies in drug discovery. Reviews the strategies, technologies, principles, and applications of modern medicinal chemistry Provides a global and current perspective of today's drug discovery process and discusses the major therapeutic classes and targets Includes a unique collection of case studies and personal assays reviewing the discovery and development of key drugs
Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics by Nicolay Ferrari,Rosanne Seguin Pdf
A comprehensive review of contemporary antisense oligonucleotides drugs and therapeutic principles, methods, applications, and research Oligonucleotide-based drugs, in particular antisense oligonucleotides, are part of a growing number of pharmaceutical and biotech programs progressing to treat a wide range of indications including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, and respiratory diseases, as well as other severe and rare diseases. Reviewing fundamentals and offering guidelines for drug discovery and development, this book is a practical guide covering all key aspects of this increasingly popular area of pharmacology and biotech and pharma research, from the basic science behind antisense oligonucleotides chemistry, toxicology, manufacturing, to safety assessments, the design of therapeutic protocols, to clinical experience. Antisense oligonucleotides are single strands of DNA or RNA that are complementary to a chosen sequence. While the idea of antisense oligonucleotides to target single genes dates back to the 1970's, most advances have taken place in recent years. The increasing number of antisense oligonucleotide programs in clinical development is a testament to the progress and understanding of pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties as well as improvement in the delivery of oligonucleotides. This valuable book reviews the fundamentals of oligonucleotides, with a focus on antisense oligonucleotide drugs, and reports on the latest research underway worldwide. • Helps readers understand antisense molecules and their targets, biochemistry, and toxicity mechanisms, roles in disease, and applications for safety and therapeutics • Examines the principles, practices, and tools for scientists in both pre-clinical and clinical settings and how to apply them to antisense oligonucleotides • Provides guidelines for scientists in drug design and discovery to help improve efficiency, assessment, and the success of drug candidates • Includes interdisciplinary perspectives, from academia, industry, regulatory and from the fields of pharmacology, toxicology, biology, and medicinal chemistry Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs and Therapeutics belongs on the reference shelves of chemists, pharmaceutical scientists, chemical biologists, toxicologists and other scientists working in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. It will also be a valuable resource for regulatory specialists and safety assessment professionals and an important reference for academic researchers and post-graduates interested in therapeutics, antisense therapy, and oligonucleotides.
