Parasitoid Population Biology

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Parasitoid Population Biology

Michael E. Hochberg,Anthony R. Ives
Parasitoid Population Biology Book PDF

Author : Michael E. Hochberg,Anthony R. Ives
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691230894

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Parasitoid Population Biology by Michael E. Hochberg,Anthony R. Ives Pdf

Extraordinary in the diversity of their lifestyles, insect parasitoids have become extremely important study organisms in the field of population biology, and they are the most frequently used agents in the biological control of insect pests. This book presents the ideas of seventeen international specialists, providing the reader not only with an overview but also with lively discussions of the most salient questions pertaining to the field today and prescriptions for avenues of future research. After a general introduction, the book divides into three main sections: population dynamics, population diversity, and population applications. The first section covers gaps in our knowledge in parasitoid behavior, parasitoid persistence, and how space and landscape affect dynamics. The contributions on population diversity consider how evolution has molded parasitoid populations and communities. The final section calls for novel approaches toward resolving the enigma of success in biological control and questions why parasitoids have been largely neglected in conservation biology. Parasitoid Population Biology will likely be an important influence on research well into the twenty-first century and will provoke discussion amongst parasitoid biologists and population biologists. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Carlos Bernstein, Jacques Brodeur, Jerome Casas, H.C.J. Godfray, Susan Harrison, Alan Hastings, Bradford A. Hawkins, George E. Heimpel, Marcel Holyoak, Nick Mills, Bernard D. Roitberg, Jens Roland, Michael R. Strand, Teja Tscharntke, and Minus van Baalen.

Evolutionary Biology of Parasites. (MPB-15), Volume 15

Peter W. Price
Evolutionary Biology of Parasites MPB 15 Volume 15 Book PDF

Author : Peter W. Price
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691209425

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Evolutionary Biology of Parasites. (MPB-15), Volume 15 by Peter W. Price Pdf

In spite of the fact that parasites represent more than half of all living species of plants and animals, their role in the evolution of life on earth has been substantially underestimated. Here, for the first time within an evolutionary and ecological framework, Peter Price integrates the biological attributes that characterize parasites ranging from such diverse groups as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, to helminths, mites, insects, and parasitic flowering plants. Synthesizing systematics, ecology, behavioral biology, genetics, and biogeography, the author outlines the success of parasitism as a mode of life, the common features of the wide range of organisms that adopt such a way of life, the reasons for parasites' extraordinary potential for continued adaptive radiation, and their role in molding community structure by means of their impact on the evolution of host species. In demonstrating the importance of parasitic interactions for determining population patterns and geographical distributions, Dr. Price generates further discussion and suggests new areas for research.

Consumer-Resource Dynamics (MPB-36)

William W. Murdoch,Cheryl J. Briggs,Roger M. Nisbet
Consumer Resource Dynamics MPB 36 Book PDF

Author : William W. Murdoch,Cheryl J. Briggs,Roger M. Nisbet
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-02-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400847259

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Consumer-Resource Dynamics (MPB-36) by William W. Murdoch,Cheryl J. Briggs,Roger M. Nisbet Pdf

Despite often violent fluctuations in nature, species extinction is rare. California red scale, a potentially devastating pest of citrus, has been suppressed for fifty years in California to extremely low yet stable densities by its controlling parasitoid. Some larch budmoth populations undergo extreme cycles; others never cycle. In Consumer-Resource Dynamics, William Murdoch, Cherie Briggs, and Roger Nisbet use these and numerous other biological examples to lay the groundwork for a unifying theory applicable to predator-prey, parasitoid-host, and other consumer-resource interactions. Throughout, the focus is on how the properties of real organisms affect population dynamics. The core of the book synthesizes and extends the authors' own models involving insect parasitoids and their hosts, and explores in depth how consumer species compete for a dynamic resource. The emerging general consumer-resource theory accounts for how consumers respond to differences among individuals in the resource population. From here the authors move to other models of consumer-resource dynamics and population dynamics in general. Consideration of empirical examples, key concepts, and a necessary review of simple models is followed by examination of spatial processes affecting dynamics, and of implications for biological control of pest organisms. The book establishes the coherence and broad applicability of consumer-resource theory and connects it to single-species dynamics. It closes by stressing the theory's value as a hierarchy of models that allows both generality and testability in the field.

Parasitoid Community Ecology

Bradford A. Hawkins,William Sheehan
Parasitoid Community Ecology Book PDF

Author : Bradford A. Hawkins,William Sheehan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Science
ISBN : MINN:31951D009068927

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Parasitoid Community Ecology by Bradford A. Hawkins,William Sheehan Pdf

The study of parasitoid communities has direct relevance to general ecological theory and to the applied practice of biological control. Yet, despite the existence of a large and active international research community involved in the study of parasitoids, until now no books devoted to the theme of parasitoid community ecology have been available. Here, with a healthy mix of general discussions and specific examples such as tortricids and weevils, the authors constructively review and evaluate our understanding of these often very complex systems. The book emphasizes basic science, linking the discussion to wider areas such as population dynamics, food webs, competition, and community structure. The more applied end of the subject is covered in a section exclusively devoted to biological control. This book, the first to deal entirely with ecological aspects of parasitoid biology, offers summaries of the state of the field by leading researchers and identifies critical areas in need of further investigation. Students, researchers, and teachers in the field of ecology, animal behavior, entomology, forestry, and agriculture will all want to have a copy of the book on their shelves.

Parasitoids

H. Charles J. Godfray
Parasitoids Book PDF

Author : H. Charles J. Godfray
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691207025

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Parasitoids by H. Charles J. Godfray Pdf

Parasitoids lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other species of insect, and the parasitoid larvae develop by feeding on the host, causing its eventual death. Known for a long time to applied biologists for their importance in regulating the population densities of economic pests, parasitoids have recently proven to be valuable tools in testing many aspects of evolutionary theory. This book synthesizes the work of both schools of parasitoid biology and asks how a consideration of evolutionary biology can help us understand the behavior, ecology, and diversity of the approximately one to two million species of parasitoid found on earth. After a general introduction to parasitoid natural history and taxonomy, the first part of the book treats the different components of the reproductive strategy of parasitoids: searching for a host, host selection, clutch size, and the sex ratio. Subsequent chapters discuss pathogens and non-Mendelian genetic elements that affect sexual reproduction; evolutionary aspects of the physiological interactions between parasitoid and host; mating strategies; life history theory and community ecology. A special effort is made to discuss the theoretical background to the subject, but without the use of mathematics.

Pattern and Process in Host-Parasitoid Interactions

Bradford A. Hawkins
Pattern and Process in Host Parasitoid Interactions Book PDF

Author : Bradford A. Hawkins
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1994-07-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521460293

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Pattern and Process in Host-Parasitoid Interactions by Bradford A. Hawkins Pdf

How is the staggering biodiversity of the parasitoid insects maintained? This book, first published in 1994, explores patterns in host-parasitoid interactions, including parasitoid community richness, the importance of parasitoids as mortality factors, and their impact on host densities as determined by the outcomes of parasitoid introductions for biological control. It documents general patterns using data sets generated from the global literature and evaluates potential underlying biological, ecological and evolutionary mechanisms. A theme running throughout the book is the importance of host refuges as a major constraint on host-parasitoid interactions. Much can be learnt from the analysis of broad patterns; a few simple rules can go a long way in explaining the major components of these interactions. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers interested in community ecology, population biology, entomology and biological control.

The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Host-Parasitoid Interactions

Michael Hassell
The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Host Parasitoid Interactions Book PDF

Author : Michael Hassell
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2000-06-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191588402

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The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Host-Parasitoid Interactions by Michael Hassell Pdf

This book examines our current understanding of the population dynamics of one kind of interaction - that between insect parasitoids and their hosts. Parasitoids are amongst the most abundant of all animals, and make up about 10% or more of metazoan species. Almost no insect species escape their attack. Host-parasitoid interactions were first modelled over fifty years ago, but for many years there was little good empirical information on the important factors that affect host and parasitoid populations. The models were very simple, and their predictions rather divorced from the complexity of what was visible in the field. Now, better data is available on many components of host-parasitoid systems, from field observations and laboratory and field experiments, and this allows a much closer correspondence between models and data. In particular, the past twenty years have seen major advances in our understanding of how host-parasitoid interactions are influenced by spatial processes, by age-structure effects, and by competition from additional host and parasitoid species. The result is a body of theory that makes direct contact with real systems in the field, and provides us with a detailed understanding of what underpins a whole area of population dynamics. In this book, Michael P Hassell pulls the theory and field data together to present an elegant illustration of the way in which ecological studies advance.

Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids

Eric Wajnberg,Carlos Bernstein,Jacques van Alphen
Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids Book PDF

Author : Eric Wajnberg,Carlos Bernstein,Jacques van Alphen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470695456

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Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids by Eric Wajnberg,Carlos Bernstein,Jacques van Alphen Pdf

Written by a team of leading international specialists, Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids examines the optimal behaviors that parasitoids exhibit in order to maximize long term offspring production. It is an essential reference for research scientists and students studying these fascinating insects or for anyone involved in using parasitoids in biological control programs. Reviews topical issues, including cutting edge research on parasitoid decision making and the implications for biological control Explores applications in other fields, provides information on the latest research methods, and includes helpful case studies and statistical tools Creates a deeper understanding of the link between behavioural strategies and host mortality, resulting in more efficient selective pest management programs “Overall, this is a fascinating volume that provides a significant contribution to the literature on parasitoid insects. It goes a long way toward providing insights into numerous aspects of parasitoid behavior and will stimulate a diversity of future projects, something that should be the goal of any such text. I highly recommend Wajnberg et al. for all of those working on the biology or evolution of parasitoids.” Palaios 2009

Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites

Robert Poulin
Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites Book PDF

Author : Robert Poulin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780412805608

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Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites by Robert Poulin Pdf

Parasites evolve under selective pressures which are different from those acting on free-living organisms. The aim of this textbook is to present these pressures and to show how they have shaped the ecology of parasites over evolutionary time. Broad theoretical concepts are explained simply and clearly and illustrated throughout with example organisms. The book will be an invaluable text for advanced undergraduate biologists who are studying evolutionary biology, ecology, population biology, parasitology and evoluationary ecology. It will also prove to be a valuable reference to postgraduate students and researchers in the same fields.

The Dynamics of Arthopod Predator-Prey Systems. (MPB-13), Volume 13

Michael Patrick Hassell
The Dynamics of Arthopod Predator Prey Systems MPB 13 Volume 13 Book PDF

Author : Michael Patrick Hassell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691209968

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The Dynamics of Arthopod Predator-Prey Systems. (MPB-13), Volume 13 by Michael Patrick Hassell Pdf

In this study of arthropod predador-prey systems Michael Hassell shows how many of the components of predation may be simply modeled in order to reveal their effects on the overall dynamics of the interacting populations. Arthropods, particularly insects, make ideal subjects for such a study because their generation times are characteristically short and many have relatively discrete generations, inviting the use of difference equation models to describe population changes. Using analytical models framed in difference equations, Dr. Hassell is able to show how the detailed biological processes of insect predator-prey (including host-parasitoid) interactions may be understood. Emphasizing the development and subsequent stability analysis of general models, the author considers in detail several crucial components of predator-prey models: the prey's rate of increase as a function of density, non-random search, mutual interference, and the predator's rate of increase as a function of predator survival and fecundity. Drawing on the correspondence between the models and field and laboratory data, Dr. Hassell then discusses the practical implications for biological pest control and suggests how such models may help to formulate a theoretical basis for biological control practices.

Population Biology

Alan Hastings
Population Biology Book PDF

Author : Alan Hastings
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781475727319

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Population Biology by Alan Hastings Pdf

Population biology has been investigated quantitatively for many decades, resulting in a rich body of scientific literature. Ecologists often avoid this literature, put off by its apparently formidable mathematics. This textbook provides an introduction to the biology and ecology of populations by emphasizing the roles of simple mathematical models in explaining the growth and behavior of populations. The author only assumes acquaintance with elementary calculus, and provides tutorial explanations where needed to develop mathematical concepts. Examples, problems, extensive marginal notes and numerous graphs enhance the book's value to students in classes ranging from population biology and population ecology to mathematical biology and mathematical ecology. The book will also be useful as a supplement to introductory courses in ecology.

Biology, Ecology and Systematics of Australian Scelio

Paul Dangerfield,Andrew Austin,Graeme Baker
Biology Ecology and Systematics of Australian Scelio Book PDF

Author : Paul Dangerfield,Andrew Austin,Graeme Baker
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2001-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780643102446

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Biology, Ecology and Systematics of Australian Scelio by Paul Dangerfield,Andrew Austin,Graeme Baker Pdf

Parasitic wasps of the genus Scelio play an important role in the regulation of orthopteran populations and are implicated in suppressing numbers of numerous pest locusts and grasshoppers. This landmark volume provides a full taxonomic treatment of the sixty species of Scelio found on the Australian continent and reviews in detail the biology and ecology and host relationships of Scelio on a worldwide basis. Taking an international perspective, the text outlines our current knowledge on topics such as host finding, population biology, and methods and techniques for collection and study in the field. The use of Scelio as biological control agents is discussed and comprehensive checklists document the recorded host relationships of each known species worldwide. There is a full taxonomic revision of all Australian species of Scelio, half of which are newly described. Each species description is complemented with high-quality line drawings, micrographs and distribution maps. In addition, an illustrated key to species enables easy identification of species by non-taxonomists. Biology, Ecology and Systematics of Australian Scelio provides wasp taxonomists, researchers of orthoptera and biological control workers with a basis for detailed studies elsewhere on this economically important group of insects.

A Functional Biology of Parasitism

Gerald W. Esch,Jacqueline C. Fernández
A Functional Biology of Parasitism Book PDF

Author : Gerald W. Esch,Jacqueline C. Fernández
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Science
ISBN : UCSD:31822016271165

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A Functional Biology of Parasitism by Gerald W. Esch,Jacqueline C. Fernández Pdf

1 Introduction.- 1.1 The extent of parasitism.- 1.2 Definitions.- 1.3 The concept of harm.- 1.4 Some adaptations to parasitism.- 1.5 Life cycle and ecology.- >2 Population concepts.- 2.1 Background.- 2.2 General definitions.- 2.3 Factors affecting parasite populations.- 2.4 The dispersion concept.- 2.5 Dynamics of population growth.- 3 Factors influencing parasite populations.- 3.1 Density-independent factors: introduction.- 3.2 Density-independent factors: case histories.- 3.3 Density-dependent factors: introduction.- 3.4 Density-dependent factors: case histories.- 3.5 Suprapopulation dynamics: introduction.- 3.6 Suprapopulation dynamics: case histories.- 4 Influence of parasites on host populations.- 4.1 Introduction to the concept of regulation.- 4.2 Crofton's approach.- 4.3 Overdispersion and regulation: introduction.- 4.4 Overdispersion and regulation: case histories.- 4.5 Epidemiological implications.- 4.6 Models.- 5 Life history strategies.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Reproductive strategies.- 5.3 Colonization strategies.- 5.4 Host behaviour and transmission.- 5.5 Theoretical considerations.- 6 Infracommunity dynamics.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The evolution of parasite communities.- 6.3 Infracommunity structure.- 6.4 The screen/filter concept.- 7 Component and compound communities.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Core-satellite and generalist-specialist species concepts.- 7.3 Determinants of component communities.- 7.4 Habitat variability (succession) and parasitism.- 7.5 The biocoenosis and parasite flow.- 7.6 The allogenic-autogenic species concept.- 8 Biogeographical aspects.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Factors affecting the geographical distribution of parasites.- 8.3 Patterns of distribution.- 8.4 Ecological aspects.- 8.5 Applied aspects of biogeography.- 9 Evolutionary aspects.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Microevolution.- 9.3 Evolution of host-parasite interactions.- 9.4 Parasite influence in the evolutionary biology of the host.- 10 Summary.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Population concepts.- 10.3 Factors influencing parasite populations.- 10.4 Influence of parasites on host populations.- 10.5 Life-history strategies.- 10.6 Infracommunity dynamics.- 10.7 Component and compound communities.- 10.8 Biogeographical aspects.- 10.9 Evolutionary aspects.- 10.10 What next for the evolution and ecology of parasitism?.- References.- Taxonomic host index.- Taxonomic parasite index.

The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Host-parasitoid Interactions

Michael Patrick Hassell
The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Host parasitoid Interactions Book PDF

Author : Michael Patrick Hassell
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0198540892

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The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Host-parasitoid Interactions by Michael Patrick Hassell Pdf

This book examines our current understanding of the population dynamics of one kind of interaction--that between insect parasitoids and their hosts. Parasitoids are amongst the most abundant of all animals, and make up about 10% or more of metazoan species. Almost no insect species escape their attack. Host-parasitoid interactions were first modelled over fifty years ago, but for many years there was little good empirical information on the important factors that affect host and parasitoid populations. The models were very simple, and their predictions rather divorced from the complexity of what was visible in the field. Now, better data is available on many components of host-parasitoid systems, from field observations and laboratory and field experiments, and this allows a much closer correspondence between models and data. In particular, the past twenty years have seen major advances in our understanding of how host-parasitoid interactions are influenced by spatial processes, by age-structure effects, and by competition from additional host and parasitoid species. The result is a body of theory that makes direct contact with real systems in the field, and provides us with a detailed understanding of what underpins a whole area of population dynamics. In this book, Michael P. Hassell pulls the theory and field data together to present an elegant illustration of the way in which ecological studies advance.

Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control

Bradford A. Hawkins,Howard V. Cornell
Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control Book PDF

Author : Bradford A. Hawkins,Howard V. Cornell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2008-10-14
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781139429283

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Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control by Bradford A. Hawkins,Howard V. Cornell Pdf

Biological control is the suppression of pest populations using predators, parasitoids and pathogens. Historically, biological control has largely been on a trial-and-error basis, and has failed more often than it has succeeded. However by developing theories based upon fundamental population principles and the biological characteristics of the pest and agent, we can gain a much better understanding of when and how to use biological control. This book gathers together recent theoretical developments and provides a balanced guide to the important issues that need to be considered in applying ecological theory to biological control. It will be a source of productive and stimulating thought for all those interested in pest management, theoretical ecology and population biology.