Target Product Profiles For Tests Used For Mpox Monkeypox Diagnosis

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240076464

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Target product profiles for tests used for mpox (monkeypox) diagnosis by World Health Organization Pdf

Circulation of monkeypox virus globally has increased demand for diagnostics, prompted rapid development of commercial kits, and driven expansion of networks of laboratories and health facilities offering diagnosis. However, a clear need for more simplified, automated and/or accessible assays remains, including those that can enable testing at decentralized sites outside the laboratory. In response, to increase access to quality-assured, accurate and affordable mpox (monkeypox) diagnosis, an expert consultation process has been initiated, resulting in the drafting of two target product profiles (TPPs): 1. Tests used for diagnosis within health care settings and laboratories (TPP1). 2. Tests used as an aid to diagnosis by detecting orthopoxvirus (OPXV) antigens, which are amenable to decentralized use, including in the community (TPP2). Generally speaking, a TPP is a planning tool for the development of health products. The primary target audience of the TPPs are manufacturers, suppliers, and researchers developing new assays. Additionally, countries and agencies evaluating and/or selecting assays for procurement and use for mpox (monkeypox) testing across both urban and rural environments, especially in settings with constrained resources, may benefit from the criteria and information presented. The TPPs are intended as a strategic reference document for comparison and transparency. The criteria lay out some of the characteristics that are most relevant to inform the expeditious development of tests that address the greatest and most urgent public health need according to WHO. As is the case with all WHO TPPs, it is recognized that access, equity, and affordability are integral parts of the innovation process and need to be considered at all stages, not just after a product is developed.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2023-09-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240076310

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WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: report of the twenty-fourth meeting, Geneva, 29–30 November 2022 by World Health Organization Pdf

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240092907

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Strategic Framework for Enhancing Prevention and Control of mpox 2024-2027 by World Health Organization Pdf

The Strategic Framework for enhancing control and achieving elimination of human-to[1]human transmission of mpox (2024-2027) is a guide to Member States on the next phase of the global mpox response and to enhance preparedness for future outbreaks. During the public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) for the global mpox outbreak (July 2022-May 2023), the WHO supported Member States in taking action to stop the outbreak of mpox. In the transition from emergency to long-term response, WHO now recommends that all countries develop and implement plans for mpox control and the elimination of person-to-person transmission of this infectious disease, while continuing to ensure mitigation of zoonotic transmission. This strategic framework supports the development of these strategies.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-05-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240095519

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WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research by World Health Organization Pdf

The World Health Organization (WHO) Advisory Committee on variola virus Research (ACVVR), held its twenty-fifth meeting on 25-26 October 2023. The recommendations of the Committee are summarized in this report.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Human monkeypox
ISBN : 3805548184

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Human Monkeypox by Anonim Pdf

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240022676

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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2 by World Health Organization Pdf

The WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease is an updated and consolidated summary of WHO recommendations on systematic screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease, containing 17 recommendations for populations in which TB screening should be conducted and tools to be used for TB screening. TB screening is strongly recommendations for household and close contacts of individuals with TB, people living with HIV, miners exposed to silica dust, and prisoners. In addition, screening is conditionally recommended for people with risk factors for TB attending health care, and for communities with risk factors for TB and limited access to care (e.g. homeless, urban poor, refugees, migrants). General population screening is recommended in high-burden settings (0.5% prevalence or higher). Symptoms, chest radiography (CXR), and molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for TB are recommended as screening tools for all adults eligible for screening. Computer-aided detection programmes are recommended as alternatives to human interpretation of CXR in settings where trained personnel are scarce. For people living with HIV, C-reactive protein is also a good screening tool. This guideline document is accompanied by an operational handbook, the WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease, that presents principles of screening, steps in planning and implementing a screening programme, and algorithm options for screening different populations.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241515344

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Bench aids for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites by World Health Organization Pdf

This second edition of Bench aids for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites is intended both as a practical tool for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections for laboratory and field workers and as a teaching aid for students and trainees. The plates are arranged on two sides: the recto with microphotographs for the identification of eggs larvae trophozoites cysts and oocysts occurring in faeces and the verso dedicated to the different copromicroscopical methods (procedures) and main staining techniques used in parasitology. Special attention has been devoted to all graphical and pictorial contents. The decision to include the outline of an Ascaris lumbricoides egg in its relative size next to each parasitic structure fulfils the intention of visualizing the actual dimensions that the eye needs to be looking for when examining the specimens with a microscope. For each image the size of the parasite and a short description are provided to assist in the microscopical identification. Two summary plates one for helminths and the other for protozoa are also included to provide a visual overview of the different presentations of parasitic elements. The bench aids have been produced in a weatherproof plastic-sealed format that is robust and easy to use at the bench. They are recommended for use by all health workers engaged in the routine diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on Assessing the Nation's Framework for Addressing Animal Diseases
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2005-12-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309092593

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Animal Health at the Crossroads by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on Assessing the Nation's Framework for Addressing Animal Diseases Pdf

The confirmed case of "mad cow" disease (BSE) in June 2005 illustrates the economic impact of disease outbreaks, as additional countries closed their markets to U.S. beef and beef products. Emerging diseases also threaten public health-11 out of 12 of the major global disease outbreaks over the last decade were from zoonotic agents (that spread from animals to humans). Animal Health at the Crossroads: Preventing, Detecting, and Diagnosing Animal Diseases finds that, in general, the U.S. animal health framework has been slow to take advantage of state-of-the-art technologies being used now to protect public health; better diagnostic tests for identifying all animal diseases should be made a priority. The report also recommends that the nation establish a high-level, authoritative, and accountable coordinating mechanism to engage and enhance partnerships among local, state, and federal agencies, and the private sector.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240007307

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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3 by World Health Organization Pdf

The political declaration of the first United Nations (UN) high-level meeting on tuberculosis (TB) calls countries to diagnose and treat 40 million people with TB globally between 2018 and 2022. Traditionally, in most countries, TB diagnosis has been performed using sputum-smear microscopy, a method developed more than 100 years ago, with suboptimal sensitivity. In recent years new technologies have emerged based on the detection of mycobacterial DNA or mycobacterial antigens. Over the past decade the World Health Organization (WHO) has published a number of guidelines developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups (GDGs), using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to summarize the evidence and to formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present document "WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: Diagnosis - Rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection" consolidates five guidelines developed by WHO between 2016 and 2020. Earlier guidelines on diagnostics that were not developed according to the GRADE approach have not been included in this document. The WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis will group all TB recommendations in one document and will be complemented by matching modules of an operational handbook. The handbook will provide practical advice on how to put in place the recommendations at the scale needed to achieve national and global impact. A range of new diagnostic technologies have been endorsed by WHO during the past decade. These are listed below: - real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays - for example, Xpert MTB/RIF(r) (Ultra) (cartridge-based) and TruenatTM (chip-based);- line probe assays (LPAs) - for example, GenoType(r) MTBDRplus v1 and v2, GenoscholarTM NTM+MDRTB II and GenoType(r) MTBDRsl;- loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) - for example, TB-LAMP; and- antigen detection in a lateral flow format (biomarker-based detection) - for example, Alere DetermineTM TB LAM Ag. The present "WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: Diagnosis - Rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection" provides background, justification and recommendations on these technologies. The document includes new recommendations on molecular assays intended as initial tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and rifampicin resistance in adults and children.

Author : Frank Fenner
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9780323150224

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The Orthopoxviruses by Frank Fenner Pdf

The Orthopoxviruses presents knowledge and comprehensive and integrated picture of orthopoxviruses. The book looks into the molecular biology of this genusof viruses, particularly, the structure and chemical composition of the virion, replication, morphogenesis, pathogenesis, pathology, and immunology of this virus’ infections. It also elucidates the global spread, control, and eradication of smallpox. Additionally, the book describes a potentially important use of vaccinia virus, namely, its use as a vector for genes from other viruses, bacteria, or protozoa that specify antigens important in stimulating the production of a protective immune response. Such comprehensive account of all aspects of the biology of all known species of orthopoxviruses will be valuable to molecular biologists, virologists, immunologists, pathologists, and researchers in the veterinary sciences.

Author : Bin Yang,Jianyu Rao
Publisher : Springer
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319307411

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Molecular Cytopathology by Bin Yang,Jianyu Rao Pdf

This book reviews the current applications of molecular tools in cytopathology and provides a concise handbook for those who provide care in this era of personalized medicine. Specifically, the text provides a comprehensive and concise review of the emerging molecular tests available clinically in different subspecialities of diagnostic pathology. It reviews the current data of molecular testing already applied in cytopathology, discusses some of the biomarkers with potential utility in cytopathology in the near future and reviews the technical challenges in applying and validating molecular tools in liquid-based cytologic materials. Molecular Cytopathology will serve as a valuable resource for cytopathologists, cytotechnologists, pathology trainees, and clinicians with an interest in molecular applications in cytopathology.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1982-07
Category : Consumer protection
ISBN : MINN:30000010716078

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Consumer Update by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Military Trauma Care's Learning Health System and Its Translation to the Civilian Sector
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309442886

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A National Trauma Care System by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Military Trauma Care's Learning Health System and Its Translation to the Civilian Sector Pdf

Advances in trauma care have accelerated over the past decade, spurred by the significant burden of injury from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Between 2005 and 2013, the case fatality rate for United States service members injured in Afghanistan decreased by nearly 50 percent, despite an increase in the severity of injury among U.S. troops during the same period of time. But as the war in Afghanistan ends, knowledge and advances in trauma care developed by the Department of Defense (DoD) over the past decade from experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq may be lost. This would have implications for the quality of trauma care both within the DoD and in the civilian setting, where adoption of military advances in trauma care has become increasingly common and necessary to improve the response to multiple civilian casualty events. Intentional steps to codify and harvest the lessons learned within the military's trauma system are needed to ensure a ready military medical force for future combat and to prevent death from survivable injuries in both military and civilian systems. This will require partnership across military and civilian sectors and a sustained commitment from trauma system leaders at all levels to assure that the necessary knowledge and tools are not lost. A National Trauma Care System defines the components of a learning health system necessary to enable continued improvement in trauma care in both the civilian and the military sectors. This report provides recommendations to ensure that lessons learned over the past decade from the military's experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq are sustained and built upon for future combat operations and translated into the U.S. civilian system.

Author : Stanton L. Gerson,Edmund C. Lattime
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 555 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2002-04-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080491363

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Gene Therapy of Cancer by Stanton L. Gerson,Edmund C. Lattime Pdf

The Second Edition of Gene Therapy of Cancer provides crucial updates on the basic science and ongoing research in this field, examining the state of the art technology in gene therapy and its therapeutic applications to the treatment of cancer. The clinical chapters are improved to include new areas of research and more successful trials. Chapters emphasize the scientific basis of gene therapy using immune, oncogene, antisense, pro-drug activating, and drug resistance gene targets, while other chapters discuss therapeutic approaches and clinical applications. This book is a valuable reference for anyone needing to stay abreast of the latest advances in gene therapy treatment for cancer. Provides in-depth description of targeted systems and treatment strategies Explains the underlying cancer biology necessary for understanding a given therapeutic approach Extensively covers immune therapeutics of vaccines, cytokines, and peptide-induced responses Presents translational focus with emphasis on requirements for clinical implementation Incorporates detailed illustrations of vectors and therapeutic approaches ideal for classroom presentations and general reference

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2022-04-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240048126

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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4 by World Health Organization Pdf

Between 2011 and 2019, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, issued by WHO in March 2019. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups, using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment - Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment includes a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB. The document includes two new recommendations, one on the composition of shorter regimens and one on the use of the BPaL regimen (i.e. bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid). In addition, the consolidated guidelines include existing recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and MDR/RR-TB, including longer regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care. The guidelines are to be used primarily in national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, and for other policy-makers and technical organizations working on TB and infectious diseases in public and private sectors and in the community.