The Attribution Of Blame

Author : K.G. Shaver
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781461250944

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The Attribution of Blame by K.G. Shaver Pdf

How can we identify the causes of events? What does it mean to assert that someone is responsible for a moral affront? Under what circumstances should we blame others for wrongdoing? The related, but conceptually distinct, issues of causality, responsibility, and blameworthiness that are the subject of this book play a critical role in our everyday social encounters. As very young children we learn to assert that "it wasn't my fault," or that "I didn't mean to do it." Responsibility and blame follow us into adulthood, as personal or organizational failings require explanation. Although judgments of moral accountability are quickly made and adamantly defended, the process leading to those judgments is not as simple as it might seem. Psychological research on causality and responsibility has not taken complete advantage of a long tradition of philosophical analysis of these concepts. Philosophical discussions, for their part, have not been sufficiently I1ware of the psychological realities. An assignment of blame is a social explanation. It is the outcome of a process that begins with an event having negative consequences, involves judgments about causality, personal responsibility, and possible mitigation. The result can be an assertion, or a denial, of individual blameworthiness. The purpose of this book is to develop a comprehensive theory of how people assign blame.

Author : K. G. Shaver
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1985-06-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1461250951

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The Attribution of Blame by K. G. Shaver Pdf

Author : Kelly G. Shaver
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1985-01-01
Category : Attribution (Psychologie sociale)
ISBN : 3540961208

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The Attribution of Blame by Kelly G. Shaver Pdf

Author : Thomas M. Hess,Fredda Blanchard-Fields
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1999-06-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080541305

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Social Cognition and Aging by Thomas M. Hess,Fredda Blanchard-Fields Pdf

Most of the research done in social cognition has been conducted with younger adults and may not be applicable to a much older population. Social Cognition and Aging provides a snapshot view of research that has been done with older adults or is directly applicable to this population. Focusing on issues of self identity, social interactions, and social perceptions, this book provides a broad overview of how aging affects one's own perceptions and actions as well as how others perceive and interact with the aged. Coverage includes such topics as self-control, memory, resilience, age stereotypes, moral development, and the "art" of living. With contributions from top researchers in both gerontology and psychology, this book is an important reference for academics and professionals alike in personality, cognition, social psychology, adult development, sociology, and gerontology.

Author : Lonna Rae Atkeson,Cherie D. Maestas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139560900

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Catastrophic Politics by Lonna Rae Atkeson,Cherie D. Maestas Pdf

Shocking moments in society create an extraordinary political environment that permits political and opinion changes that are unlikely during times of normal politics. Strong emotions felt by the public during catastrophes - even if experienced only vicariously through media coverage - are a powerful motivator of public opinion and activism. This is particularly true when emotional reactions coincide with attributing blame to governmental agencies or officials. By examining public opinion during one extraordinary event, the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Lonna Rae Atkeson and Cherie D. Maestas show how media information interacts with emotion in shaping a wide range of political opinions about government and political leaders. Catastrophic events bring citizens together, provide common experiences and information, and create opinions that transcend traditional political boundaries. These moments encourage citizens to re-examine their understanding of government, its leaders and its role in a society from a less partisan perspective.

Author : Dingwall, Gavin,Hillier, Tim
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781447321163

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Blamestorming, blamemongers and scapegoats by Dingwall, Gavin,Hillier, Tim Pdf

We live in a society that is increasingly preoccupied with allocating blame: when something goes wrong someone must be to blame. Bringing together philosophical, psychological, and sociological accounts of blame, this is the first detailed criminological account of the role of blame in which the authors present a novel study of the legal process of blame attribution, set in the context of criminalisation as a social and political process. This timely and topical book will be essential reading for anyone working or researching in the criminal justice field. It will also be of wider interest to anyone wishing to discover the role of blame in modern society.

Author : Debra Lynn Javeline
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2009-12-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472024773

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Protest and the Politics of Blame by Debra Lynn Javeline Pdf

The wage arrears crisis has been one of the biggest problems facing contemporary Russia. At its peak, it has involved some $10 billion worth of unpaid wages and has affected approximately 70 percent of the workforce. Yet public protest in the country has been rather limited. The relative passivity of most Russians in the face of such desperate circumstances is a puzzle for students of both collective action and Russian politics. In Protest and the Politics of Blame, Debra Javeline shows that to understand the Russian public's reaction to wage delays, one must examine the ease or difficulty of attributing blame for the crisis. Previous studies have tried to explain the Russian response to economic hardship by focusing on the economic, organizational, psychological, cultural, and other obstacles that prevent Russians from acting collectively. Challenging the conventional wisdom by testing these alternative explanations with data from an original nationwide survey, Javeline finds that many of the alternative explanations come up short. Instead, she focuses on the need to specify blame among the dizzying number of culprits and potential problem solvers in the crisis, including Russia's central authorities, local authorities, and enterprise managers. Javeline shows that understanding causal relationships drives human behavior and that specificity in blame attribution for a problem influences whether people address that problem through protest. Debra Javeline is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Rice University.

Author : Judith A. Howard
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Attribution (Social psychology)
ISBN : WISC:89099458689

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Societal Influences on Attribution by Judith A. Howard Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:227943219

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Plenty of Blame to Go Around: A Qualitative Approach to Attribution of Moral Responsibility by Anonim Pdf

We present a computational model of blame attribution. Recently Mao and Gratch, following Attribution theory, created a computational model that assigned blame to an agent for a negative occurrence. Their model made categorical judgments, and could only assign blame to a single agent. Our model extends this work, using QP theory to provide a continuous model for the parameters involved in attribution and directly capturing the constraints postulated by Attribution theory. This allows our model to infer relative amounts of blame in a situation in a manner that is consistently overall with relative amounts of blame attributed in a psychological experiment.

Author : Robert A. Wilson,Frank C. Keil
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 1106 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2001-09-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262731444

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The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) by Robert A. Wilson,Frank C. Keil Pdf

Since the 1970s the cognitive sciences have offered multidisciplinary ways of understanding the mind and cognition. The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) is a landmark, comprehensive reference work that represents the methodological and theoretical diversity of this changing field. At the core of the encyclopedia are 471 concise entries, from Acquisition and Adaptationism to Wundt and X-bar Theory. Each article, written by a leading researcher in the field, provides an accessible introduction to an important concept in the cognitive sciences, as well as references or further readings. Six extended essays, which collectively serve as a roadmap to the articles, provide overviews of each of six major areas of cognitive science: Philosophy; Psychology; Neurosciences; Computational Intelligence; Linguistics and Language; and Culture, Cognition, and Evolution. For both students and researchers, MITECS will be an indispensable guide to the current state of the cognitive sciences.

Author : Erin I. Kelly
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674989412

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The Limits of Blame by Erin I. Kelly Pdf

Faith in the power and righteousness of retribution has taken over the American criminal justice system. Approaching punishment and responsibility from a philosophical perspective, Erin Kelly challenges the moralism behind harsh treatment of criminal offenders and calls into question our society’s commitment to mass incarceration.

Author : Robert A. Giacalone,Paul Rosenfeld
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134734931

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Impression Management in the Organization by Robert A. Giacalone,Paul Rosenfeld Pdf

Impression management theory has been popular in sociology and social psychology for many years. This volume offers the first comprehensive application of impression management theory to organizational settings. Researchers and practitioners in organizational settings have recently been using this theory as an explanatory model to focus on the roles and identities that "social actors" utilize in interpersonal situations. The theory of impression management provides a framework for the techniques and strategies people use in order to look good as well as the excuses and justifications they employ to avoid looking bad.

Author : Murray Cox
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 185302452X

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Remorse and Reparation by Murray Cox Pdf

`Remorse, or rather the lack of it, frequently features in banner headlines. But there is little systematic study of this important interdisciplinary topic whose relevance has extensive social ramifications. The complex relationship between remorse, shame guilt and attempts at reparation, are discussed in this authoritative work. This volume is the first comprehensive attempt to bring together both forensic clinicians and those working within the criminal justice system.' - New Life `Familiar though they are in literature, religion and philosophy, the phenomena of remorse and reparation are rarely explored in either the theory or practice of forensic psychotherapy. This book begins to address those omissions, dealing with clinical and legal questions and ranging widely over political, philosophical, sociological and artistic perspectives...Remorse and Reparation is very much the expression of Murray Cox's particular, and unique, talent. He would have been proud of this, his last book, even though he did not live long enough to supervise its publication. Murray has brought together authors from different disciplines to convey a myriad of views. Although occasionally contradictory, the impacts of original insights presented from several different perspectives can be stunning. This book will be a valuable addition to the literature of any forensic institution.' - British Journal of Psychiatry `This is a book all magistrates, probation officers and QPMs should read. It consists of 15 short and mostly readable essays, looking at a little-considered aspect of human experience from medical, legal, sociological and philosophical points of view. The case studies quoted are very much to the point ... Two essays particularly impressed me. David Tidmarsh, now of the Parole Board, was formerly on the staff of Broadmoor Hospital. He draws attention to the lack of reference to remorse in the Board's remit, which is concerned only with risk ... John Harding of the Inner London Probation Service quotes examples, including two well-known ones from Barlinnie, where moral reformation has occurred.' - Newsletter of Quakers in Criminal Justice Remorse, or rather the lack of it, frequently features in banner headlines. But there is little systematic study of this important inter-disciplinary topic whose relevance has extensive social ramifications. Should a show of remorse by an offender be taken into account in sentencing? Is there a correlation between the experience of remorse and a diminished likelihood of re-offending? And is there a correlation between the experience and the expression of remorse? Such questions, and the complex relationship between remorse, shame, guilt and attempts at reparation, are discussed in this authoritative work. This volume is the first comprehensive attempt to bring together both forensic clinicians and those working within the criminal justice system. There is also a series of chapters by those writing from the adjacent complementary disciplines of moral philosophy, classics, Shakespeare studies, sociology and anthropology.

Author : David S. Clark
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 1809 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2007-07-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780761923879

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Encyclopedia of Law and Society by David S. Clark Pdf

Introduction to and survey of the field of law and society. Includes interdisciplinary perspectives on law from sociology, criminology, cultural anthropology, political science, social psychology, and economics.

Author : Elinor Mason
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192570215

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Ways to be Blameworthy by Elinor Mason Pdf

There must be some connection between our deontic notions, rightness and wrongness, and our responsibility notions, praise- and blameworthiness. Yet traditional approaches to each set of concepts tend to take the other set for granted. This book takes an integrated approach to these questions, drawing on both ethics and responsibility theory, and thereby illuminating both sets of concepts. Elinor Mason describes this as 'normative responsibility theory': the primary aim is not to give an account of the conditions of agency, but to give an account of what sort of wrong action makes blame fitting. She presents a pluralistic view of both obligation and blameworthiness, identifying three different ways to be blameworthy, corresponding to different ways of acting wrongly. First, ordinary blameworthiness is essentially connected to subjective wrongness, to acting wrongly by one's own lights. Subjective obligation, and ordinary blame, apply only to those who are within our moral community, who understand and share our value system. By contrast, detached blame can apply even when the agent is outside our moral community, and has no sense that her act is morally wrong. In detached blame, the blame rather than the blameworthiness is fundamental. Finally, agents can take responsibility for some inadvertent wrongs, and thus become responsible. This third sort of blameworthiness, 'extended blameworthiness', applies when the agent understands the objective wrongness of her act, but has no bad will. In such cases, the social context may be such that the agent should take responsibility, and accept ordinary blame from the wronged party.