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The Biology of Hyaluronan by David Evered,Julie Whelan Pdf
Presents state-of-the-art applications in hyaluronan research, from hyaluronan's physicochemical properties to its clinical role as a connective tissue marker and its surgical implications, particularly in ear, eye and orthopaedic surgery. Covers hyaluronan's synthesis and catabolism, its role in cells, its interactions with specific binding proteins, and its role in the embryonic nervous system.
Chemistry and Biology of Hyaluronan by Hari G. Garg,Charles A. Hales Pdf
It was probably the French chemist Portes, who first reported in 1880 that the mucin in the vitreous body, which he named hyalomucine, behaved differently from other mucoids in cornea and cartilage. Fifty four years later Karl Meyer isolated a new polysaccharide from the vitreous, which he named hyaluronic acid. Today its official name is hyaluronan, and modern-day research on this polysaccharide continues to grow. Expertly written by leading scientists in the field, this book provides readers with a broad, yet detailed review of the chemistry of hyaluronan, and the role it plays in human biology and pathology. Twenty-seven chapters present a sequence leading from the chemistry and biochemistry of hyaluronan, followed by its role in various pathological conditions, to modified hylauronans as potential therapeutic agents and finally to the functional, structural and biological properties of hyaluronidases. Chemistry and Biology of Hyaluronan covers the many interesting facets of this fascinating molecule, and all chapters are intended to reach the wider research community. Comprehensive look at the chemistry and biology of hyaluronans Essential to Chemists, Biochemists and Medical researchers Broad yet detailed review of this rapidly growing research area
Author : V. N. Khabarov,P. Y. Boykov,M. A. Selyanin Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Page : 228 pages File Size : 46,5 Mb Release : 2015-03-16 Category : Science ISBN : 9781118633793
Hyaluronic Acid by V. N. Khabarov,P. Y. Boykov,M. A. Selyanin Pdf
Hyaluronic acid is an essential part of connective, epithelial and neural tissues, and contributes to cell proliferation and migration. It is used as a stimulating agent for collagen synthesis and is a common ingredient in skin-care products, a multi-billion dollar industry, as it is believed to be a key factor in fighting the aging process. Hyaluronic Acid: Production, Properties, Application in Biology and Medicine consists of six chapters discussing the various issues of hyaluronic acid research. In Chapter 1, a historical analysis recounts the discovery and milestones of the research leading to the practical applications of hyaluronan. Chapter 2 is dedicated to biological role of the hyaluronic acid in nature, in particular in the human body. The chapter starts from the phylogenesis of hyaluronic acid, then describes hyaluronan functions in human ontogenesis and especially the role which hyaluronan plays in extracellular matrix of the different tissues. Chapter 3 describes the methods to manufacture and purify hyaluronic acid, including the analytical means for assessing quality of the finished product. Chapter 4 discusses the structure and rheological properties of hyaluronic acid considering effects on conformation and biological properties related to molecular weight. In Chapter 5, the physical and chemical methods for modifying the structure of hyaluronan are discussed including cross-linking using bi-functional reagents, solid-phase modification and effects of the combined action of high pressures and shift deformation. The final chapter focuses on the products derived from hyaluronic acid, including therapeutics composed of modified hyaluronan conjugated to vitamins, amino acids and oligo-peptides. The biological roles and medical applications of this polysaccharide have been extensively studied and this book provides a wealth of scientific data demonstrating the critical role of hyaluronic acid and its promise as a multifaceted bio-macromolecule. Approaching hyaluronic acid from multiple angles, this book links relationships between its biological functions, structure and physical–chemical properties. It will be an invaluable resource to researchers, both industrial and academic, involved in all aspects of hyaluronan-based technologies.
The Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications of Hyaluronan and Its Derivatives by T. C. Laurent Pdf
The aim of this book is to collect within one volume information on hyaluronan. This polysaccharide has received rapid attention for two reasons: it has important regulative functions within cell biology; and it has become a commercially important product because of its use in ophthalmic surgery and treatment of joint diease. A number of other practical applications are also discussed. The book covers various aspects of hyaluronan from the structure and chemistry of the polymer to its metabolism, cell biological interactions, behaviour in pathological processes, and potentially new medical applications.
This book addresses the structural and biological properties of the extracellular matrix component and glycosaminoglycan polymer hyaluronan (or hyaluronic acid, HA). The book discusses various aspects of HA biology, e.g., HA synthesis and degradation, as well as the role of HA in embryogenesis, development, and cell maintenance. The reader will learn about the role of HA in different tissues as well as its biological activities triggered by the interaction with different HA receptors. A closer look is had at the involvement of HA in human pathologies such as cancer, kidney fibrosis and wound healing. Biotechnological and biomedical applications for HA such as scaffold generation and drug delivery, including the novel synthetic sulphated HA are explored. This work will appeal to a wide readership within the extracellular matrix and hyaluronan field. It can serve as an introduction to the field for junior scientists but can also help senior scientists to gain a broader view of the field beyond their area of specialization. The series Biology of Extracellular Matrix is published in collaboration with the American Society for Matrix Biology and the International Society for Matrix Biology.
Hyaluronan biology is being recognized as an important regulator of cancer progression. Paradoxically, both hyaluronan (HA) and hyaluronidases, the enzymes that eliminate HA, have also been correlated with cancer progression. Hyaluronan, a long-chain polymer of the extracellular matrix, opens up tissue spaces through which cancer cells move and metastasize. It also confers motility upon cells through interactions of cell-surface HA with the cytoskeleton. Embryonic cells in the process of movement and proliferation use the same strategy. It is an example of how cancer cells have commandeered normal cellular processes for their own survival and spread. There are also parallels between cancer and wound healing, cancer occasionally being defined as a wound that does not heal. The growing body of literature regarding this topic has recently progressed from describing the association of hyaluronan and hyaluronidase expression associated with different cancers, to understanding the mechanisms that drive tumor cell activation, proliferation, drug resistance, etc. No one source, however, discusses hyaluronan synthesis and catabolism, as well as the factors that regulate the balance. This book will offer a comprehensive summary and cutting-edge insight into Hyaluronan biology, the role of the HA receptors, the hyaluronidase enzymes that degrade HA, as well as HA synthesis enzymes and their relationship to cancer. * Offers a comprehensive summary and cutting-edge insight into Hyaluronan biology, the role of the HA receptors, the hyaluronidase enzymes that degrade HA, as well as HA synthesis enzymes and their relationship to cancer * Chapters are written by the leading international authorities on this subject, from laboratories that focus on the investigation of hyaluronan in cancer initiation, progression, and dissemination * Focuses on understanding the mechanisms that drive tumor cell activation, proliferation, and drug resistance
Hyaluronic acid, or hyaluronan, is a water soluble, anionic extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan polymer with variable molecular weight that determines its physiological role, rheological properties and applications. Since its discovery in the early 1930s, there has been an increased awareness concerning the biology of hyaluronic acid, its signaling pathways and its role in the biomedical and cosmeceutical industry. Being an endogenous molecule, hyaluronic acid is biocompatible, biodegradable, and has strong mucoadhesive, viscoelastic properties. The authors provide chemical modification approaches to hyaluronic acid, as well as address the magnitude of applications of hyaluronic acid-based targeted drug vectors and patents. The closing study discusses glycosaminoglycans, a specialized group of unbranched, anionic disaccharide polymers attached by a covalent linkage to the membrane proteins via sulphate groups in their sugar moieties.
Hyaluronan Signaling and Turnover by Melanie Simpson,Paraskevi Heldin Pdf
Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Here, once again, outstanding and original reviews are presented on a variety of topics. This volume covers hyaluronan signaling and turnover. Provides information on cancer research Outstanding and original reviews Suitable for researchers and students
Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA), the only non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of the body, is structurally composed of disaccharide repeating units of alternating 3-linked N-acetyl β-D-glucosamine and 4-linked β-D-glucuronic acid. Despite the lack of sulfation and the lowest structural heterogeneity among all GAGs, HA still retains efficient capability in interacting with many molecules, especially functional proteins like growth factors, cytokines, and adhesive proteins involved in angiogenesis, tumour proliferation, migration and invasion. However, the main biological role of HA is to assemble the extracellular matrices of certain soft tissues, such as vitreous humour, synovial fluid, umbilical cord and the intercellular space of the epidermis. HA is the major structure-forming component in the globe of the eye and cornea. For this reason, this GAG can be used to compose ophthalmic solutions. The most famous physicochemical property of HA is its capacity to make gels in solution. This property can be pharmaceutically and industrially useful as either a vehicle to make specific media or biologically active sera. This book, heavily based on recent scientific results from research groups of several countries, will cover many of these aspects of HA, the related enzymes and metabolism in health and disease. The seven chapters are basically centred in: 1) the covalent modifications of HA by serum protein and the biological consequences; 2) the aspects of HA as a function of age; 3) carcinogenesis as a function of HA metabolism; 4) therapeutic applications of HA-related enzymes; 5) characterisation and analyses of HA-based ophthalmic solutions; 6) the role of HA in reproductive medicine; and 7) the role of HA in bone medicine. The contributing authors are renowned scientists in the HA field and this collaborates to the high-quality of this publication.
Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis by Brian Ceresa Pdf
Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis is a compilation of scientific "short stories" about the entry of external substances into cells. As one can see from the chapters, endocytosis regulates diverse processes such as homeostasis of the cell, signal transduction, entry of pathogens and viruses. In addition to the experimental techniques embedded in each chapter, entire chapters are dedicated to experimental approaches that will be useful to all scientists and their model systems. For those more clinically oriented, the final chapters look to the future and ways of utilizing endocytic pathways for therapeutic purposes.
Extracellular Sugar-Based Biopolymers Matrices by Ephraim Cohen,Hans Merzendorfer Pdf
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an acellular three-dimensional network composed of proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans and exopolysaccharides. It primarily serves as a structural component in the tissues and organs of plants and animals, or forms biofilms in which bacterial cells are embedded. ECMs are highly dynamic structures that undergo continuous remodeling, and disruptions are frequently the result of pathological processes associated with severe diseases such as arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative illness or cancer. In turn, bacterial biofilms are a source of concern for human health, as they are associated with resistance to antibiotics. Although exopolysaccharides are crucial for ECM formation and function, they have received considerably little attention to date. The respective chapters of this book comprehensively address such issues, and provide reviews on the structural, biochemical, molecular and biophysical properties of exopolysaccharides. These components are abundantly produced by virtually all taxa including bacteria, algae, plants, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates. They include long unbranched homopolymers (cellulose, chitin/chitosan), linear copolymers (alginate, agarose), peptoglycans such as murein, heteropolymers like a variety of glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronan, dermatan, keratin, heparin, Pel), and branched heteropolymers such as pectin and hemicellulose. A separate chapter is dedicated to modern industrial and biomedical applications of exopolysaccharides and polysaccharide-based biocomposites. Their unique chemical, physical and mechanical properties have attracted considerable interest, inspired basic and applied research, and have already been harnessed to form structural biocomposite hybrids for tailor-made applications in regenerative medicine, bioengineering and biosensor design. Given its scope, this book provides a substantial source of basic and applied information for a wide range of scientists, as well as valuable textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students.
Essentials of Glycobiology by Ajit Varki,Maarten J. Chrispeels Pdf
Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
The Extracellular Matrix: an Overview by Robert Mecham Pdf
Knowledge of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential to understand cellular differentiation, tissue development, and tissue remodeling. This volume of the series “Biology of Extracellular Matrix” provides a timely overview of the structure, regulation, and function of the major macromolecules that make up the extracellular matrix. It covers topics such as collagen types and assembly of collagen-containing suprastructures, basement membrane, fibronectin and other cell-adhesive glycoproteins, proteoglycans, microfibrils, elastin, fibulins and matricellular proteins, such as thrombospondin. It also explores the concept that ECM components together with their cell surface receptors can be viewed as intricate nano-devices that allow cells to physically organize their 3-D-environment. Further, the role of the ECM in human disease and pathogenesis is discussed as well as the use of model organisms in elucidating ECM function.
Cell Biology of Extracellular Matrix by E.D. Hay Pdf
In the ten-year interval since the first edition of this volume went to press, our knowledge of extracellular matrix (ECM) function and structure has enor mously increased. Extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interaction are now routine topics in the meetings and annual reviews sponsored by cell biology societies. Research in molecular biology has so advanced the number of known matrix molecules and the topic of gene structure and regulation that we won dered how best to incorporate the new material. For example, we deliberated over the inclusion of chapters on molecular genetics. We decided that with judicious editing we could present the recent findings in molecular biology within the same cell biology framework that was used for the first edition, using three broad headings: what is extracellular matrix, how is it made, and what does it do for cells? Maintaining control over the review of literature on the subject of ECM was not always an easy task, but we felt it was essential to production of a highly readable volume, one compact enough to serve the the student as an introduction and the investigator as a quick update on graduate the important recent discoveries. The first edition of this volume enjoyed con hope the reader finds this edition equally useful. siderable success; we D. Hay Elizabeth vii Contents Introductory Remarks 1 Elizabeth D. Hay PART I. WHAT IS EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX? Chapter 1 Collagen T. F. Linsenmayer 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. The Collagen Molecule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2. 1. Triple-Helical Domain(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
