The Economics Of Social Security In Japan

Author : Toshiaki Tachibanaki
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UCSD:31822033454067

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The Economics of Social Security in Japan by Toshiaki Tachibanaki Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive appraisal of social security in Japan, where traditionally the burden of welfare provision has been the main responsibility of the family and employers, rather than the state. However, an ageing population, changes in family structure and continued recession has led to an urgent reappraisal of this situation. The book begins by examining the social security system in Japan as a whole, before focusing on specific issues. These include public and occupational pensions, medical care and childcare, and the availability and accessibility of social infrastructure for the old and handicapped. In each case, the distinguished authors address the unique problems associated with Japan and propose practical policy recommendations for social security reform. The book also discusses the future path of Japanese welfare transition and explores the advantages and disadvantages of the private sector model for welfare provision compared to the public sector model. The expert contributors, including both Japanese and international specialists, provide a critical evaluation of social security reform in Japan, set against the background of future demographic and economic trends. This book will appeal to all scholars of public policy, welfare policy and public finance. It will also be of interest to anyone working on the merits and demerits of different social security systems.

Author : Yoshimi Adachi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789811071768

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The Economics of Tax and Social Security in Japan by Yoshimi Adachi Pdf

This book integrates the fundamentals of quantitative significance, using existing estimates of the elasticities of demand for tax, health insurance, and medical services in a static microsimulation model. It serves as a guide to the financial and social basics of health insurance and provides the reader with the intellectual groundwork indispensable for understanding the incorrect assumptions about the elasticities of demand and pattern of tax and health insurance. Most countries feel constant pressure because expenditure is increasing and resources are scarce. The topics addressed in this book including several frameworks leading to over-insurance, excess demand for medical care, and rapid expenditure growth in the medical care sector. Illustrated by carefully chosen examples and supported by extensive data analyses, this book is highly recommended to readers who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of the ever-expanding theoretical and quantitative fields of containing costs, increasing funding for health services, or both.

Author : Antonio Sagrista Freixas
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1963
Category : Japan
ISBN : CORNELL:31924002288540

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Social Security in Japan by Antonio Sagrista Freixas Pdf

Author : Mari Osawa
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781136701689

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Social Security in Contemporary Japan by Mari Osawa Pdf

The present study analyzes the livelihood security system of contemporary Japan in international comparison from a historical and gender perspective. It posits ‘livelihood security systems’ rather than ‘welfare states’ or ‘welfare regimes’ as its object of analysis to enter the role of non-governmental institutions and of governmental policies reaching beyond income transfers into vision. Based on rich statistical materials, the evolution of Japan’s livelihood security system in recent decades is traced to reveal a rigid male breadwinner orientation increasingly out of step with social realities. The need for remedying the gender bias built into Japan’s social insurance schemes has been politically highlighted since the late 1990s, but legislative action has continued to be deferred. The author argues that at present the livelihood security system of Japan is not only dysfunctional, but actually functioning in reverse, in a sense of furthering social exclusion. The study concludes with suggestions for a possible reconstruction of Japan’s social security system, arguing for an increased role of the ‘third sector’ or ‘social economy’ in livelihood security and care provision. This book will appeal to scholars and students with an interest in social policy, welfare economics and gender studies, as well as Japanese politics and society.

Author : Mari Osawa
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781136701696

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Social Security in Contemporary Japan by Mari Osawa Pdf

The present study analyzes the livelihood security system of contemporary Japan in international comparison from a historical and gender perspective. It posits ‘livelihood security systems’ rather than ‘welfare states’ or ‘welfare regimes’ as its object of analysis to enter the role of non-governmental institutions and of governmental policies reaching beyond income transfers into vision. Based on rich statistical materials, the evolution of Japan’s livelihood security system in recent decades is traced to reveal a rigid male breadwinner orientation increasingly out of step with social realities. The need for remedying the gender bias built into Japan’s social insurance schemes has been politically highlighted since the late 1990s, but legislative action has continued to be deferred. The author argues that at present the livelihood security system of Japan is not only dysfunctional, but actually functioning in reverse, in a sense of furthering social exclusion. The study concludes with suggestions for a possible reconstruction of Japan’s social security system, arguing for an increased role of the ‘third sector’ or ‘social economy’ in livelihood security and care provision. This book will appeal to scholars and students with an interest in social policy, welfare economics and gender studies, as well as Japanese politics and society.

Author : Axel Börsch-Supan,Courtney C. Coile
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226674247

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Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World by Axel Börsch-Supan,Courtney C. Coile Pdf

This ninth phase of the International Social Security project, which studies the experiences of twelve developed countries, examines the effects of public pension reform on employment at older ages. In the past two decades, men’s labor force participation at older ages has increased, reversing a long-term pattern of decline; participation rates for older women have increased dramatically as well. While better health, more education, and changes in labor-supply behavior of married couples may have affected this trend, these factors alone cannot explain the magnitude of the employment increase or its large variation across countries. The studies in this volume explore how financial incentives to work at older ages have evolved as a result of public pension reforms since 1980 and how these changes have affected retirement behavior. Utilizing a common template to analyze the developments across countries, the findings suggest that social security reforms have strengthened the financial returns to working at older ages and that these enhanced financial incentives have contributed to the rise in late-life employment.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-08-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475506341

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Japan by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Japan has a universal public pension system. Social security spending is a key fiscal policy challenge in Japan. The 2004 pension reforms have increased the ratio of the government subsidy to the basic pension benefit. Three reform measures are necessary to improve pension finances: an increase in pension eligibility age, a reduction in the pension benefit, and an increase in contributions. Eliminating the preferential tax treatments of pension income and collecting pension contributions from dependent spouses could contribute to fiscal savings.

Author : Courtney C. Coile,Kevin Milligan,David A. Wise
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226619293

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Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World by Courtney C. Coile,Kevin Milligan,David A. Wise Pdf

In developed countries, men’s labor force participation at older ages has increased in recent years, reversing a decades-long pattern of decline. Participation rates for older women have also been rising. What explains these patterns, and the differences in them across countries? The answers to these questions are pivotal as countries face fiscal and retirement security challenges posed by longer life-spans. This eighth phase of the International Social Security project, which compares the social security and retirement experiences of twelve developed countries, documents trends in participation and employment and explores reasons for the rising participation rates of older workers. The chapters use a common template for analysis, which facilitates comparison of results across countries. Using within-country natural experiments and cross-country comparisons, the researchers study the impact of improving health and education, changes in the occupation mix, the retirement incentives of social security programs, and the emergence of women in the workplace, on labor markets. The findings suggest that social security reforms and other factors such as the movement of women into the labor force have played an important role in labor force participation trends.

Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : Sold by OECD Publications Center]
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Japan
ISBN : UOM:39015000593957

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Towards an Integrated Social Policy in Japan by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Pdf

Author : Noriyuki Takayama
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Aged
ISBN : STANFORD:36105023633816

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The Morning After in Japan by Noriyuki Takayama Pdf

Discusses the impact of an ageing and declining population, coupled with generous pensions, on the economy in general and the economic status of the elderly in particular. Also looks at the labour force participation of the elderly and of women workers. Reviews household saving, bequests and inheritance.

Author : Hiroshi Shibuya,Makoto Maruyama
Publisher : 東京大学出版会
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2002-06
Category : Reference
ISBN : UCSD:31822031900202

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Japanese Economy and Society under Pax-Americana by Hiroshi Shibuya,Makoto Maruyama Pdf

"Both during and after the Cold War, the United States has played an essential role in Japan's marketization, not only by providing stable conditions for growth but also by serving as a model for democratizationa and privatization of markets. The contributors to this volume describe the marketization of Japan's economy in such areas as government and corporate investment, health care and pensions, labour policy and securities markets. They point out how Japan has adapted and transformed the "pure market logic" of U.S. capitalism into forms more suited to Japan's history and traditions." -- BOOK JACKET.

Author : Jonathan Gruber,David A. Wise
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2009-02-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226309989

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Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World by Jonathan Gruber,David A. Wise Pdf

Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World represents the second stage of an ongoing research project studying the relationship between social security and labor. In the first volume, Jonathan Gruber and David A. Wise revealed enormous disincentives to continued work at older ages in developed countries. Provisions of many social security programs typically encourage retirement by reducing pay for work, inducing older employees to leave the labor force early and magnifying the financial burden caused by an aging population. At a certain age there is simply no financial benefit to continuing to work. In this volume, the authors turn to a country-by-country analysis of retirement behavior based on micro-data. The result of research compiled by teams in twelve countries, the volume shows an almost uniform correlation between levels of social security incentives and retirement behavior in each country. The estimates also show that the effect is strikingly uniform in countries with very different cultural histories, labor market institutions, and other social characteristics.

Author : Yukio Noguchi,David A. Wise
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226590219

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Aging in the United States and Japan by Yukio Noguchi,David A. Wise Pdf

Japanese and American economists assess the present economic status of the elderly in the United States and Japan, and consider the impact of an aging population on the economies of the two countries. With essays on labor force participation and retirement, housing equity and the economic status of the elderly, budget implications of an aging population, and financing social security and health care in the 1990s, this volume covers a broad spectrum of issues related to the economics of aging. Among the book's findings are that workers are retiring at an increasingly earlier age in both countries and that, as the populations age, baby boomers in the United States will face diminishing financial resources as the ratio of retirees to workers sharply increases. The result of a joint venture between the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Japan Center for Economic Research, this book complements Housing Markets in the United States and Japan (1994) by integrating research on housing markets with economic issues of the aged in the United States and Japan.

Author : Deborah J. Milly
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105023597904

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Poverty, Equality, and Growth by Deborah J. Milly Pdf

In the early 1950s, many Japanese lived in poverty. Today only a handful do. This book explains why and how the postwar Japanese state progressed from employing responses to poverty preferred in the prewar era to adopting equality as the basis for a social compromise. The author argues that to account for why political actors succeeded in crafting a program that won acceptance, it is necessary to look beyond their interests and to identify how they relied on knowledge and normative arguments.

Author : James H. Schulz,Allan Borowski,William H. Crown
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Law
ISBN : STANFORD:36105004891748

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Economics of Population Aging by James H. Schulz,Allan Borowski,William H. Crown Pdf

This book examines claims that aging populations will create serious economic problems for various nations. It examines the question in large part through the eyes of researchers and legislators in three target countries: Australia, Japan, and the United States. These countries were chosen because of similar states of economic development and because all were experiencing a rapid aging of their populations. A comprehensive overview is provided of the economic issues related to aging populations. Several aspects are explored in more depth. To date, it is the most complete and thorough study of economic issues associated with population aging. After a brief review of the phenomenon of demographic aging, the authors give a summary of the major economic programs offered to the aged. Extensive research is used to evaluate the concept of dependency ratios and to predict the impact on younger and older persons of future economic and demographic growth. This discussion then provides the basis for a review of evolving retirement policies in the three countries. Special attention is given to the way pension plans have been designed, especially early and mandatory retirement policies. An assessment of the adequacy of retirement income follows. The final three chapters are devoted to policy options for the future, given trends in demographic aging. Social scientists and economists will be most interested in this study.