The Future Of Low Dose Radiation Research In The United States

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309497718

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The Future of Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board Pdf

Exposures at low doses of radiation, generally taken to mean doses below 100 millisieverts, are of primary interest for setting standards for protecting individuals against the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. However, there are considerable uncertainties associated with current best estimates of risks and gaps in knowledge on critical scientific issues that relate to low dose radiation. The Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board of the National Academies hosted the symposium on The Future of Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States on May 8 and 9, 2019. The goal of the symposium was to provide an open forum for a national discussion on the need for a long-term strategy to guide a low dose radiation research program in the United States. The symposium featured presentations on low dose radiation programs around the world, panel discussions with representatives from governmental and nongovernmental organizations about the need for a low dose radiation research program, reviews of low dose radiation research in epidemiology and radiation biology including new directions, and lessons to be learned from setting up large research programs in non-radiation research fields. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the symposium.

Author : National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division On Earth And Life Studies,Nuclear And Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Developing a Long-Term Strategy for Low-Dose Radiation Research in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2023-03-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309275776

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Leveraging Advances in Modern Science to Revitalize Low-Dose Radiation Research in the United States by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division On Earth And Life Studies,Nuclear And Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Developing a Long-Term Strategy for Low-Dose Radiation Research in the United States Pdf

Radiation exposure at low doses (below 100 milligray) or low-dose rates (less than 5 milligray per hour) occurs in a wide range of medical, industrial, military, and commercial settings. The effects of exposure at these levels are not fully understood, but there are long-standing concerns that such exposure could negatively affect human health. Although cancer has been linked to low-dose radiation exposure for decades, there is increasing evidence that low-dose radiation exposure may also be associated with cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, immune dysfunction, and cataracts. Recent advances in research, new tools, and a coordinated multidisciplinary research program could help fill knowledge gaps about the health impacts of low-dose radiation exposures. This report calls for the development of a U.S. research program to study how low doses of radiation affect cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and other disease risks. Research should also better define the impacts of radiation doses, dose rates, types of radiation, and exposure duration. The report estimates $100 million annually for the next 15 years would be required to conduct epidemiological and biological research, and to establish an infrastructure for research.

Author : Antone L. Brooks
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Radiation
ISBN : 1636820247

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Low Dose Radiation by Antone L. Brooks Pdf

Introduction -- Life and times of a radiation biologist -- A brief history of radiation biology -- The birth of the DOE Low Dose Radiation Research Program -- Early observations and new technology -- Paradigm shifts in low dose radiation biology and application of data -- Biomarkers of radiation exposure and dose -- Mechanisms of action -- Modeling -- Taking a systems biology approach to risk -- Program communication and monitoring -- Current and potential impact on standards -- Applying lessons learned to future direction -- Epilogue.

Author : United States. Interagency Radiation Research Committee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 660 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Ionizing radiation
ISBN : SRLF:D0011344371

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Research on Health Effects of Radiation by United States. Interagency Radiation Research Committee Pdf

Author : Antone L. Brooks
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Science
ISBN : 0874223547

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Low Dose Radiation by Antone L. Brooks Pdf

Chief Scientist Dr. Antone Brooks and his Low Dose Radiation Research Program team redefined the field, applying advances in instrumentation and molecular biology from the Human Genome Project and developing new technologies to examine cellular responses. Their findings were startling. At low doses, biological reactions are unique and often unrelated to those that occur at high doses. The influential linear-no-threshold model--which predicted that damage from acute exposures can be extrapolated linearly to low dose exposures--was flawed. Small doses of radiation can have an adaptive protective effect. "Hit theory," the idea that radiation only affected cells it directly traversed, yielded to "bystander theory," which hypothesizes that cells communicate with each other and a dose to one affects others surrounding it. Low Dose Radiation describes the program's development, the scientists who made it viable, and the fundamental results, highlighting lessons learned during its lifespan.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1468 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050200232

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Reexamining the Scientific Basis for the Linear No-threshold Model of Low-dose Radiation by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Pdf

Author : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2006-03-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309133340

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Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,National Research Council Pdf

This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.

Author : Georg B. Gerber,David Marshall Taylor,Elisabeth Marcelle Cardis,J. W. Thiessen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Human beings
ISBN : UOM:39015029202424

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The Future of Human Radiation Research by Georg B. Gerber,David Marshall Taylor,Elisabeth Marcelle Cardis,J. W. Thiessen Pdf

Aimed at radiologists, epidemiologists, medical statisticians and clinical specialists, this book covers cancer risk prediction and is organized into eight parts: leukaemia, lung, breast, thyroid, cancers, interaction of radiation with carcinogens, research approaches, and analytical methodologies.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V)
Publisher : National Academies
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1990-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309039956

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Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V) Pdf

This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.

Author : Manabu Fukumoto
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811382185

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Low-Dose Radiation Effects on Animals and Ecosystems by Manabu Fukumoto Pdf

This open access book summarizes the latest scientific findings regarding the biological effects of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident in 2011. Various cases of changes in animals and organisms have been reported since the FNPP accident. However, it is often unknown whether they are actually due to radiation, since the dose or dose-rate are not necessarily associated with the changes observed. This book brings together the works of radiation biologists and ecologists to provide reliable radioecology data and gives insight into future radioprotection. The book examines the environmental pollution and radiation exposure, and contains valuable data from abandoned livestock in the ex-evacuation zone and from wild animals including invertebrates and vertebrates, aqueous and terrestrial animals, and plants that are subjected to long-term exposure in the area still affected by radiation. It also analyzes dose evaluation, and offers new perspectives gained from the accident, as well as an overview for future studies to promote radioprotection of humans and the ecosystem. Since the biological impact of radiation is influenced by various factors, it is difficult to scientifically define the effects of low-dose/low-dose-rate radiation. However, the detailed research data presented can be combined with the latest scientific and technological advances, such as artificial intelligence, to provide new insights in the future. This book is a unique and valuable resource for researchers, professionals and anyone interested in the impact of exposure to radiation or contamination with radioactive materials.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee to Assess the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2005-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309096102

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Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Committee to Assess the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program Pdf

The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations (Beir VII)
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 87 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1998-09-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309061766

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Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations (Beir VII) Pdf

The US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation and Indoor Air asked the National Research Council to evaluate whether sufficient new data exist to warrant a reassessment of health risks reported in Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations (BEIR V) in 1990. To respond to this request, the National Research Council assembled the Committee on Health Risks of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations. The work of the committee was conducted in what was called the BEIR VII phase-1 study. To assist the committee during its deliberations, various scientists were consulted for advice, and a workshop on the impact of biology on risk assessment was held in collaboration with the Department of Energy Office of Health and Environmental Research. The intent of the workshop was to address the implications of new understanding of the biologic basis of radiation injury and carcinogenesis for risk assessment.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309255714

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Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I Pdf

In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.

Author : Committee for Review and Evaluation of the Medical Use Program of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1996-04-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309588751

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Radiation in Medicine by Committee for Review and Evaluation of the Medical Use Program of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Institute of Medicine Pdf

Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers Sources of radiation and their use in medicine. Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public. Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states. Criticisms from the regulated community. The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons.

Author : W. G. Eisert,M. L. Mendelsohn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642693342

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Biological Dosimetry by W. G. Eisert,M. L. Mendelsohn Pdf

In October 1982, a small international symposium was held at the Gesellschaft fUr Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH (GSF) in Munich as a satellite meeting of the IX International Conference on Analytical Cytology. The symposium focussed on cytometric approaches to biological dosimetry, and was, to the best of our knowledge, the first meeting on this subject ever held. There was strong encouragement from the 75 attendees and from others to publish a proceedings of the symposium. Hence this book, containing 30 of the 36 presentations, has been assembled. Dosimetry, the accurate and systematic determination of doses, usually refers to grams of substance administered or rads of ionization or some such measure of exposure of a patient, a victim or an experimental system. The term also can be used to describe the quantity of an ultimate, active agent as delivered to the appropriate target material within a biological system. Thus, for mutagens, one can speak of DNA dosimetry, meaning the number of adducts produced in the DNA of target cells such as bone-mar row stem cells or spermatogonia.