The Methodological Unity Of Science

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The Methodological Unity of Science

M. Bunge
The Methodological Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : M. Bunge
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789401026673

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The Methodological Unity of Science by M. Bunge Pdf

The present volume collects some of the talks given at the Bertrand Russell Colloquium on Exact Philosophy, attached to the McGill University Foundations and Philosophy of Science Unit. It also includes a paper, on Bertrand Russell's method of philosophizing, read at the memorial symposium held at Sir Gorge Williams University shortly after the philosopher's death. All the papers appear here for the first time. Unlike many a philosophy of science anthology, this one is not center ed on the philosophy of physics. In fact the papers deal with conceptual and, in particular, philosophical problems that pop up in almost every one of the provinces of the vast territory constituted by the foundations, meth odology and philosophy of science. A couple of border territories which are in the process of being infiltrated have been added for good measure. The inclusion of papers in the philosophy of formal science and in the philosophies of physics and of biology, in a volume belonging to a series devoted to the philosophy and methodology of the social and behavioral sciences, should raise no eyebrows. Because the sciences of man make use of logic and mathematics, they are interested in questions such as whether the formal sciences have anything to do with reality (rather than with our theories about reality) and whether or not logic has kept up with the practice of mathematicians. These two problems are tackled in Part II, on the philosophy of formal science.

Unity and Fragmentation in Psychology

Nicolò Gaj
Unity and Fragmentation in Psychology Book PDF

Author : Nicolò Gaj
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317313489

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Unity and Fragmentation in Psychology by Nicolò Gaj Pdf

Psychology has always defined itself as a science and yet it has lacked the theoretical and methodological unity regarded as characteristic of the natural sciences. Nicolò Gaj explores the topical question of unification in psychology, setting out a conceptual framework for considerations of unity and disunity, and exploring the evidence of its fragmentation. He takes a critical look at the history of the most prominent attempts at unification, and at the desirability and feasibility of the whole project. The book represents a unique and valuable attempt to address the issue of unification from a philosophical perspective, and via a combination of theoretical and empirical research.

Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered

Stephanie Ruphy
Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered Book PDF

Author : Stephanie Ruphy
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780822981534

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Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered by Stephanie Ruphy Pdf

Can we expect our scientific theories to make up a unified structure, or do they form a kind of “patchwork” whose pieces remain independent from each other? Does the proliferation of sometimes-incompatible representations of the same phenomenon compromise the ability of science to deliver reliable knowledge? Is there a single correct way to classify things that science should try to discover, or is taxonomic pluralism here to stay? These questions are at the heart of philosophical debate on the unity or plurality of science, one of the most central issues in philosophy of science today. This book offers a critical overview and a new structure of this debate. It focuses on the methodological, epistemic, and metaphysical commitments of various philosophical attitudes surrounding monism and pluralism, and offers novel perspectives and pluralist theses on scientific methods and objects, reductionism, plurality of representations, natural kinds, and scientific classifications.

Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science

Shahid Rahman,John Symons,Dov M. Gabbay,jean paul van bendegem
Logic Epistemology and the Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Shahid Rahman,John Symons,Dov M. Gabbay,jean paul van bendegem
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 618 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402028083

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Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science by Shahid Rahman,John Symons,Dov M. Gabbay,jean paul van bendegem Pdf

The first volume in this new series explores, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The book offers essays from important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics from philosophy of science to epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality.

Problem Of The Unity Of Science, The - Proceedings Of The Annual Meeting Of The International Academy Of The Philosophy Of Science

Evandro Agazzi,Jan Faye
Problem Of The Unity Of Science The Proceedings Of The Annual Meeting Of The International Academy Of The Philosophy Of Science Book PDF

Author : Evandro Agazzi,Jan Faye
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2001-11-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814489737

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Problem Of The Unity Of Science, The - Proceedings Of The Annual Meeting Of The International Academy Of The Philosophy Of Science by Evandro Agazzi,Jan Faye Pdf

The unity of science has been a widely discussed issue both in the philosophy of science and within several sciences. Reductionism has often been seen as the means of bringing the different sciences to a fundamental unity by reference to some basic science, but it shows many limitations. Multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity have also been proposed as methodologies for attaining unity without underestimating the diversity of the sciences.This volume starts with a clarification of the possible meanings of this unity and then discusses the features of the mentioned approaches to unity, evaluating the success and the shortcomings of the unification programme among different sciences and within a single science.

Unity of Science

Robert L. Causey
Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Robert L. Causey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401011884

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Unity of Science by Robert L. Causey Pdf

The first section of this chapter describes the major goals of this investiga tion and the general strategy of my presentation. The remaining three sections review some requisite background material and introduce some terminology and notation used in the book. Section B contains a brief review of some of the ideas and notation of elementary logic and set theory. Section C contains an introductory discussion of kinds and at tributes. Section D presents some basic ideas about laws and law sentences. A. GENERAL PLAN OF THE BOOK Basic scientific research is directed towards the goals of increasing our knowledge of the wor1d and our understanding of the wor1d. Knowledge increases through the discovery and confirmation of facts and laws. Understanding results from the explanation of known facts and laws, and through the formulation of general, systematic theories. Other things being equal, we tend to feeI that our understanding of a c1ass of phenomena increases as we develop increasingly general and intuitively unified theories of that c1ass of phenomena. It is therefore natural to consider the possibility of one very general, unified theory which, at least in principle, governs all known phenomena. The dream of obtaining such a theory, and the understanding that it would provide, has motivated an enormous amount of research by both scientists and philosophers.

Philosophy of Science

Gerhard Schurz
Philosophy of Science Book PDF

Author : Gerhard Schurz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134101221

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Philosophy of Science by Gerhard Schurz Pdf

Philosophy of Science: A Unified Approach combines a general introduction to philosophy of science with an integrated survey of all its important subfields. As the book’s subtitle suggests, this excellent overview is guided methodologically by "a unified approach" to philosophy of science: behind the diversity of scientific fields one can recognize a methodological unity of the sciences. This unity is worked out in this book, revealing all the while important differences between subject areas. Structurally, this comprehensive book offers a two-part approach, which makes it an excellent introduction for students new to the field and a useful resource for more advanced students. Each chapter is divided into two sections. The first section assumes no foreknowledge of the subject introduced, and the second section builds upon the first by bringing into the conversation more advanced, complementary topics. Definitions, key propositions, examples and figures overview all of the core material. At the end of every chapter there are selected readings and exercises (with solutions at the end of the book). The book also includes a comprehensive bibliography and an index.

Unity of Science

Tuomas E. Tahko
Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Tuomas E. Tahko
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108604567

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Unity of Science by Tuomas E. Tahko Pdf

Unity of science was once a very popular idea among both philosophers and scientists. But it has fallen out of fashion, largely because of its association with reductionism and the challenge from multiple realisation. Pluralism and the disunity of science are the new norm, and higher-level natural kinds and special science laws are considered to have an important role in scientific practice. What kind of reductionism does multiple realisability challenge? What does it take to reduce one phenomenon to another? How do we determine which kinds are natural? What is the ontological basis of unity? In this Element, Tuomas Tahko examines these questions from a contemporary perspective, after a historical overview. The upshot is that there is still value in the idea of a unity of science. We can combine a modest sense of unity with pluralism and give an ontological analysis of unity in terms of natural kind monism. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

The Disunity of Science

Peter Louis Galison,David J. Stump
The Disunity of Science Book PDF

Author : Peter Louis Galison,David J. Stump
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Science
ISBN : 0804725624

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The Disunity of Science by Peter Louis Galison,David J. Stump Pdf

Is science unified or disunified? Over the last century, the question has raised the interest (and hackles) of scientists, philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science, for at stake is how science and society fit together. Recent years have seen a turn largely against the rhetoric of unity, ranging from the please of condensed matter physicists for disciplinary autonomy all the way to discussions in the humanities and social sciences that involve local history, feminism, multiculturalism, postmodernism, scientific relativism and realism, and social constructivism. Many of these varied aspects of the debate over the disunity of science are reflected in this volume, which brings together a number of scholars studying science who otherwise have had little to say to each other: feminist theorists, philosophers of science, sociologists of science. How does the context of discover shape knowledge? What are the philosophical consequences of a disunified science? Does, for example, an antirealism, a realism, or an arealism become defensible within a picture of local scientific knowledge? What politics lies behind and follows from a picture of the world of science more like a quilt than a pyramid? Who gains and loses if representation of science has standards that vary from place to place, field to field, and practitioner to practitioner.

Philosophy of Science and Sociology

Edmund Mokrzycki
Philosophy of Science and Sociology Book PDF

Author : Edmund Mokrzycki
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781135028213

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Philosophy of Science and Sociology by Edmund Mokrzycki Pdf

Originally published in 1983. This book concentrates on the impact of philosophy of science on sociology and other disciplines. It argues that the impact of the philosophy of science on sociology from the rise of the Vienna Circle until the mid-1980s resulted in a deep-reaching and, in the author’s view, undesirable methodological reorientation in sociology.

The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition

Shahid Rahman,Tony Street,Hassan Tahiri
The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition Book PDF

Author : Shahid Rahman,Tony Street,Hassan Tahiri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2008-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402084058

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The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition by Shahid Rahman,Tony Street,Hassan Tahiri Pdf

the demise of the logical positivism programme. The answers given to these qu- tions have deepened the already existing gap between philosophy and the history and practice of science. While the positivists argued for a spontaneous, steady and continuous growth of scientific knowledge the post-positivists make a strong case for a fundamental discontinuity in the development of science which can only be explained by extrascientific factors. The political, social and cultural environment, the argument goes on, determine both the questions and the terms in which they should be answered. Accordingly, the sociological and historical interpretation - volves in fact two kinds of discontinuity which are closely related: the discontinuity of science as such and the discontinuity of the more inclusive political and social context of its development. More precisely it explains the discontinuity of the former by the discontinuity of the latter subordinating in effect the history of science to the wider political and social history. The underlying idea is that each historical and - cial context generates scientific and philosophical questions of its own. From this point of view the question surrounding the nature of knowledge and its development are entirely new topics typical of the twentieth-century social context reflecting both the level and the scale of the development of science.

The Unity of Science

Rudolf Carnap
The Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Rudolf Carnap
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781136654299

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The Unity of Science by Rudolf Carnap Pdf

As a leading member of the Vienna Circle, Rudolph Carnap's aim was to bring about a "unified science" by applying a method of logical analysis to the empirical data of all the sciences. This work, first published in English in 1934, endeavors to work out a way in which the observation statements required for verification are not private to the observer. The work shows the strong influence of Wittgenstein, Russell, and Frege.

General Philosophy of Science: Focal Issues

Anonim
General Philosophy of Science Focal Issues Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 708 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2007-07-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0080548547

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General Philosophy of Science: Focal Issues by Anonim Pdf

Scientists use concepts and principles that are partly specific for their subject matter, but they also share part of them with colleagues working in different fields. Compare the biological notion of a 'natural kind' with the general notion of 'confirmation' of a hypothesis by certain evidence. Or compare the physical principle of the 'conservation of energy' and the general principle of 'the unity of science'. Scientists agree that all such notions and principles aren't as crystal clear as one might wish. An important task of the philosophy of the special sciences, such as philosophy of physics, of biology and of economics, to mention only a few of the many flourishing examples, is the clarification of such subject specific concepts and principles. Similarly, an important task of 'general' philosophy of science is the clarification of concepts like 'confirmation' and principles like 'the unity of science'. It is evident that clarfication of concepts and principles only makes sense if one tries to do justice, as much as possible, to the actual use of these notions by scientists, without however following this use slavishly. That is, occasionally a philosopher may have good reasons for suggesting to scientists that they should deviate from a standard use. Frequently, this amounts to a plea for differentiation in order to stop debates at cross-purposes due to the conflation of different meanings. While the special volumes of the series of Handbooks of the Philosophy of Science address topics relative to a specific discipline, this general volume deals with focal issues of a general nature. After an editorial introduction about the dominant method of clarifying concepts and principles in philosophy of science, called explication, the first five chapters deal with the following subjects. Laws, theories, and research programs as units of empirical knowledge (Theo Kuipers), various past and contemporary perspectives on explanation (Stathis Psillos), the evaluation of theories in terms of their virtues (Ilkka Niiniluto), and the role of experiments in the natural sciences, notably physics and biology (Allan Franklin), and their role in the social sciences, notably economics (Wenceslao Gonzalez). In the subsequent three chapters there is even more attention to various positions and methods that philosophers of science and scientists may favor: ontological, epistemological, and methodological positions (James Ladyman), reduction, integration, and the unity of science as aims in the sciences and the humanities (William Bechtel and Andrew Hamilton), and logical, historical and computational approaches to the philosophy of science (Atocha Aliseda and Donald Gillies). The volume concludes with the much debated question of demarcating science from nonscience (Martin Mahner) and the rich European-American history of the philosophy of science in the 20th century (Friedrich Stadler). Comprehensive coverage of the philosophy of science written by leading philosophers in this field Clear style of writing for an interdisciplinary audience No specific pre-knowledge required

Methodological Prospects for Scientific Research

Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Methodological Prospects for Scientific Research Book PDF

Author : Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2020-10-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030525002

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Methodological Prospects for Scientific Research by Wenceslao J. Gonzalez Pdf

This book highlights the existence of a diversity of methods in science, in general, in groups of sciences (natural, social or the artificial), and in individual sciences. This methodological variety is open to a number of consequences, such as the differences in the research according to levels of reality (micro, meso and macro), which leads to multi-scale modelling and to questioning “fundamental” parts in the sciences, understood as the necessary support for the whole discipline. In addition, this volume acknowledges the need to assess the efficacy of procedures and methods of scientific activity in engendering high quality results in research made; the relevance of contextual factors for methodology of science; the existence of a plurality of stratagems when doing research in empirical sciences (natural, social and of the artificial); and the need for an ethical component while developing scientific methods, because values should have a role in scientific research. The book is of interest to a broad audience of philosophers, academics in various fields, graduate students and research centers interested in methodology of science.

Philosophy of Science and Sociology

Edmund Mokrzycki
Philosophy of Science and Sociology Book PDF

Author : Edmund Mokrzycki
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781135028220

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Philosophy of Science and Sociology by Edmund Mokrzycki Pdf

Originally published in 1983. This book concentrates on the impact of philosophy of science on sociology and other disciplines. It argues that the impact of the philosophy of science on sociology from the rise of the Vienna Circle until the mid-1980s resulted in a deep-reaching and, in the author’s view, undesirable methodological reorientation in sociology.