Vertebrate Genomes

Author : Jean-Nicolas Volff
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783805581516

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Vertebrate Genomes by Jean-Nicolas Volff Pdf

The publication of the first draft of the human genome five years ago marked the start of a new era of vertebrate comparative genomics. Genome draft sequences for chimpanzee, mouse, rat, dog, chicken as well as for several fish species are now available for the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of vertebrate genomes over the last 450 million years. This volume of Genome Dynamics presents a timely update on the past, present and future of major vertebrate genome projects. In 16 chapters, renowned specialists provide informative reviews on the current status of mammalian, bird, amphibian and fish genomics. In addition, a chapter on urochordate genomes is included. The reader will also find a useful overview of resources available for each genome as well as a description of the medical and economical perspectives opened by the different projects. This book is recommended reading for biologists interested in genetics, genomics, evolution and zoology.

Author : Giorgio Bernardi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2005-12-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080461878

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Structural and Evolutionary Genomics by Giorgio Bernardi Pdf

Structural genomics is the study of the DNA of living organisms. Evolutionary genomics is the study of the history of the genome. These subjects are closely interlinked. They are approached in this book using as a guideline the investigations carried out in the author's laboratory, relevant literature is critically reviewed and some general conclusions are presented. The author and his collaborators have studied a vast number of genomes, ranging from prokaryotes to human, using different approaches, including physical chemistry of DNA, viral integration and molecular cytogenetics. As the subtitle indicates the book discusses the fundamental importance of natural selection in shaping genomes. In terms of numbers, neutral and nearly neutral mutations represent most mutations, but a "regional" control is exerted by natural selection (essentially negative or purifying selection). A "neo-selectionist" model is proposed for genome evolution. · Summarizes the existing knowledge on genome organization and evolution in a self-contained book · Discusses important open problem, without refraining from criticism whenever appropriate

Author : J. Perry Gustafson,R.B. Flavell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461542353

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Genomes by J. Perry Gustafson,R.B. Flavell Pdf

This volume brings together the disciplines of plant and animal genome research, and serves as an opportunity for scientists from both fields to compare results, problems and prospects.

Author : Gerd Scherer,Michael Schmid
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034877817

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Genes and Mechanisms in Vertebrate Sex Determination by Gerd Scherer,Michael Schmid Pdf

Following an opening chapter by the late Susumu Ohno on paralogues of sex-determining genes, the five best-studied genes essential for early mammalian gonadal development are portrayed in detail: SF-1 and WT1 and their roles in early events in gonadal development, SRY and SOX9 in testis determination, and the anti-testis gene DAX-1. Subsequent chapters look at the roles of these genes in sex determination in marsupial mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, and review the different sex-determining mechanisms, genetic and environmental, that operate in these different vertebrate classes. Two insights emerge: one, that the same basic set of genes appears to operate during early gonadal development in all vertebrates, despite the differences in mechanisms; the other, that sex determination in vertebrates results from a complex network of regulatory interactions and not from a simple hierarchical cascade of gene actions.

Author : Axel Meyer,Yves van de Peer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2011-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401002639

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Genome Evolution by Axel Meyer,Yves van de Peer Pdf

In the years since the publication of Susumu Ohno's 1970 landmark book Evolution by gene duplication tremendous advances have been made in molecular biology and especially in genomics. Studies of genome structure and function prerequisite to testing hypotheses of genome evolution were all but impossible until recent methodological advances. This book evaluates newly generated empirical evidence as it pertains to theories of genomic evolutionary patterns and processes. Tests of hypotheses using analyses of complete genomes, interpreted in a phylogenetic context, provide evidence regarding the relative importance of gene duplication. The alternative explanation is that the evolution of regulatory elements that control the expression of and interactions among genes has been a more important force in shaping evolutionary innovation. This collection of papers will be of interest to all academic and industry researchers working in the fields of molecular biology, biotechnology, genomics and genome centers.

Author : Naruya Saitou
Publisher : Springer
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319926421

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Introduction to Evolutionary Genomics by Naruya Saitou Pdf

This authoritative textbook/reference presents a comprehensive introduction to the field of evolutionary genomics. The opening chapters describe the fundamental concepts in molecular biology and genome evolution for readers without any prior background in this area. This is followed by a detailed examination of genome evolution in various different groups of organisms. The text then concludes with a review of practical methods essential to researchers in the field. This updated and revised new edition also features historical perspectives on contributions to evolutionary genomics from related fields such as molecular evolution, genetics, and numerical taxonomy. Topics and features: introduces the basics of molecular biology, covering protein structure and diversity, as well as DNA replication, transcription, and translation; examines the phylogenetic relationships of DNA sequences, and the processes of mutation, neutral evolution, and natural selection; presents a brief evolutionary history of life, surveying the key features of the genomes of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, viruses and phages, vertebrates, and humans; reviews the various biological “omic” databases, and discusses the analysis of homologous nucleotide and amino acid sequences; provides an overview of the experimental sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes, and the construction of phylogenetic trees; describes methods for estimating of evolutionary distances, and performing studies of population genetics; supplies additional supporting material at an associated website. Serving as an indispensable textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses on evolutionary genomics, this accessible overview will also prove invaluable to researchers from both computer science and the biological sciences seeking a primer on the field.

Author : Giorgio Bernardi
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-27
Category : Evolutionary genetics
ISBN : 0444512551

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Structural and Evolutionary Genomics by Giorgio Bernardi Pdf

Structural genomics is the study of the DNA of living organisms. Evolutionary genomics is the study of the history of the genome. These subjects are closely interlinked. They are approached in this book using as a guideline the investigations carried out in the author's laboratory, relevant literature is critically reviewed and some general conclusions are presented. The author and his collaborators have studied a vast number of genomes, ranging from prokaryotes to human, using different approaches, including physical chemistry of DNA, viral integration and molecular cytogenetics.

Author : Naruya Saitou
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2014-01-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447153047

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Introduction to Evolutionary Genomics by Naruya Saitou Pdf

This book is the first of its kind to explain the fundamentals of evolutionary genomics. The comprehensive coverage includes concise descriptions of a variety of genome organizations, a thorough discussion of the methods used, and a detailed review of genome sequence processing procedures. The opening chapters also provide the necessary basics for readers unfamiliar with evolutionary studies. Features: introduces the basics of molecular biology, DNA replication, mutation, phylogeny, neutral evolution, and natural selection; presents a brief evolutionary history of life from the primordial seas to the emergence of humans; describes the genomes of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, vertebrates, and humans; reviews methods for genome sequencing, phenotype data collection, homology searches and analysis, and phylogenetic tree and network building; discusses databases of genome sequences and related information, evolutionary distances, and population genomics; provides supplementary material at an associated website.

Author : Henry Gee
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226403199

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Across the Bridge by Henry Gee Pdf

“Addresses an important topic for biologists and zoologists about vertebrates’ place in the ‘grand scheme’ . . . genuinely witty and charming . . . magnificent.” —Neil J. Gostling, University of Southampton Our understanding of vertebrate origins and the backbone of human history evolves with each new fossil find and DNA map. Many species have now had their genomes sequenced, and molecular techniques allow genetic inspection of even non-model organisms. But as longtime Nature editor Henry Gee argues in Across the Bridge, despite these giant strides and our deepening understanding of how vertebrates fit into the tree of life, the morphological chasm between vertebrates and invertebrates remains vast and enigmatic. As Gee shows, even as scientific advances have falsified a variety of theories linking these groups, the extant relatives of vertebrates are too few for effective genetic analysis. Moreover, the more we learn about the species that do remain—from sea-squirts to starfish—the clearer it becomes that they are too far evolved along their own courses to be of much use in reconstructing what the latest invertebrate ancestors of vertebrates looked like. Fossils present yet further problems of interpretation. Tracing both the fast-changing science that has helped illuminate the intricacies of vertebrate evolution as well as the limits of that science, Across the Bridge helps us to see how far the field has come in crossing the invertebrate-to-vertebrate divide—and how far we still have to go. “A beautiful ode to some of the least appreciated animals . . . guides the reader joyfully through deuterostomes—weaving disparate elements of embryology, paleontology, and morphology into an unprecedented and accessible narrative.” —Jakob Vinther, University of Bristol

Author : Nobuo Takagi
Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3805576374

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Vertebrate Sex Chromosomes by Nobuo Takagi Pdf

During the last two decades of the 20th century, the study of chromosomes was enormously stimulated by the availability of various biological resources, valuable databases and new genetic and molecular biological techniques including PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization. The simultaneous development of new and effective systems for targeting genes and gene transfer led to astonishing advances also in the study of vertebrate sex chromosomes. We now have considerable insight into their evolution, the dosage compensation mechanisms in mammals that involve chromosome-wide chromatin remodeling triggered by noncoding Xist RNA, and the unique properties of the human X chromosome which comprises many genes important for sex determination and reproduction. This thematic issue of Cytogenetic and Genome Research presents an excellent and highly authoritative compilation of current research findings related to vertebrate sex chromosomes. The contributions - all prepared by experts in the field - reflect both the technical advances and the enormous gain in knowledge achieved in recent years. Many of these papers also provide important historical perspectives while some contain insightful personal views of the authors. This special volume therefore represents a stimulating and critical state-of-the-art source of information for investigators and students in this fascinating field.

Author : Austin L. Hughes
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Science
ISBN : 0195116267

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Adaptive Evolution of Genes and Genomes by Austin L. Hughes Pdf

It will be an invaluable tool for anyone interested or working in molecular or evolutionary biology, and for those studying the implications of our rapidly increasing knowledge of the genomes of organisms."--BOOK JACKET.

Author : James R. Brown
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2007-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781420008876

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Comparative Genomics by James R. Brown Pdf

Through comparative analysis, the genomes of a number of species are providing a deeper understanding of the human genome. This is highly useful in drug research, especially in the treatment of otherwise intractable conditions. Compiling first-hand descriptions of the pioneering achievements of prominent researchers, this text focuses on revolutionary advances in DNA-sequencing technology, new approaches to the organization and analysis of large phylogenetic data sets, new perspectives on evolution, and the development of novel antimicrobial drugs. This seminal volume demonstrates both the means and the fruits of cooperation across a number of fields, and in doing so lays the groundwork for continued progress.

Author : K. V. Chaitanya
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811507021

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Genome and Genomics by K. V. Chaitanya Pdf

This book provides a detailed and up-to-dated information on the genomes belonging to three major life forms on Earth – archaea, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Each section describes about the genome of a specific group of organisms, such as viruses, archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes and organellar genomes. Individual chapters provide details of their organization, structure, evolution, sequencing strategies and functions. Further, this book discusses the technologies that are applied for genome sequencing; assembly, annotation and gene prediction. Other topics include the genomes of important model organisms, mitochondria genome of Neanderthal fossil, etc. This book also examines the evolution of chloroplast and mitochondria genomes by comparing with bacteria, addresses the diseases that occur in humans due to the mutations in mitochondrial genome, gene therapy and engineering of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Lastly, it features an overview of the role of proteomics, exposomics, connectomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics. This book is a fascinating read for students, lecturers and researchers in the field of genetics, genomics, microbiology and life sciences.

Author : Juan Pascual-Anaya,Stephanie Bertrand,Salvatore D’Aniello
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889760534

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New Approaches in Chordate and Vertebrate Evolution and Development by Juan Pascual-Anaya,Stephanie Bertrand,Salvatore D’Aniello Pdf

Author : Tariq Ezaz,Scott V. Edwards
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889456413

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Evolutionary Feedbacks Between Population Biology and Genome Architecture by Tariq Ezaz,Scott V. Edwards Pdf

This eBook presents all 10 articles published under the Frontiers Research Topic "Evolutionary Feedbacks Between Population Biology and Genome Architecture", edited by Scott V. Edwards and Tariq Ezaz. With the rise of rapid genome sequencing across the Tree of Life, challenges arise in understanding the major evolutionary forces influencing the structure of microbial and eukaryotic genomes, in particular the prevalence of natural selection versus genetic drift in shaping those genomes. Additional complexities in understanding genome architecture arise with the increasing incidence of interspecific hybridization as a force for shaping genotypes and phenotypes. A key paradigm shift facilitating a more nuanced interpretation of genomes came with the rise of the nearly neutral theory in the 1970s, followed by a greater appreciation for the contribution of nonadaptive forces such as genetic drift to genome structure in the 1990s and 2000s. The articles published in this eBook grapple with these issues and provide an update as to the ways in which modern population genetics and genome informatics deepen our understanding of the subtle interplay between these myriad forces. From intraspecific to macroevolutionary studies, population biology and population genetics are now major tools for understanding the broad landscape of how genomes evolve across the Tree of Life. This volume is a celebration across diverse taxa of the contributions of population genetics thinking to genome studies. We hope it spurs additional research and clarity in the ongoing search for rules governing the evolution of genomes.