Vitamin A Deficiency And Its Consequences

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Micronutrient Deficiencies
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1998-03-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309060295

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Prevention of Micronutrient Deficiencies by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Micronutrient Deficiencies Pdf

Micronutrient malnutrition affects approximately 2 billion people worldwide. The adverse effects of micronutrient deficiencies are profound and include premature death, poor health, blindness, growth stunting, mental retardation, learning disabilities, and low work capacity. Preventing Micronutrient Deficiencies provides a conceptual framework based on past experience that will allow funders to tailor programs to existing regional/country capabilities and to incorporate within these programs the capacity to address multiple strategies (i.e., supplementation/fortification/food-based approaches/public health measures) and multiple micronutrient deficiencies. The book does not offer recommendations on how to alleviate specific micronutrient deficienciesâ€"such recommendations are already available through the publications of diverse organizations, including the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Micronutrient Initiative, World Bank, United Nations Childrens' Fund, and the World Health Organization. Instead, this volume examines key elements in the design and implementation of micronutrient interventions, including such issues as: The importance of iron, vitamin A, and iodine to health. Populations at risk for micronutrient deficiency. Options for successful interventions and their cost. The feasibility of involving societal sectors in the planning and implementation of interventions. Characteristics of successful interventions. The book also contains three in-depth background papers that address the prevention of deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, and iodine.

Author : Alfred Sommer,World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241544788

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Vitamin A Deficiency and Its Consequences by Alfred Sommer,World Health Organization Pdf

Rev. ed. of: Field guide to the detection and control of xerophthalmia. 2nd ed. 1982.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,Subcommittee of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes,Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients,Panel on Micronutrients
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 804 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2002-07-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309072794

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,Subcommittee of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes,Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients,Panel on Micronutrients Pdf

This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.

Author : Alfred Sommer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:503807613

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Vitamin A Deficiency and Its Consequences by Alfred Sommer Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1999-05-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309173186

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Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Military Nutrition Research Pdf

Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.

Author : Alfred Sommer,Keith P. West
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Public health
ISBN : 0195088247

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Vitamin A Deficiency by Alfred Sommer,Keith P. West Pdf

Many studies over the past decade and a half have indicated that vitamin A status is an important determinant of health. The World Bank now estimates that vitamin A intervention programs are some of the most cost-effective health strategies globally. This new book, written by leadinginvestigators in the field, is the first to synthesize the many important studies to date. The authors identify and quantify the biological, clinical and public health impact of vitamin A deficiency on childhood growth, mortality and morbidity, including anemia and blindness. They deal with theepidemiologic and biological basis of these findings, and with the prevention and treatment of these disorders, particularly of measles, diarrhea and xeorophthalmia. Alternative approaches to identifying individuals and populations in need of intervention, alternative strategies for improvingvitamin A and carotenoids, and the relationship between vitamin A and immunity are discussed. This comprehensive volume on a critically important and widespread nutritional deficiency will serve as a unique resource for nutritionists, physicians, public health workers and policy makers, and will beespecially relevant to clinicians and researchers in international health.

Author : R.D. Semba
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-07-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783318021899

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The Vitamin A Story by R.D. Semba Pdf

This book shows how vitamin A deficiency – before the vitamin was known to scientists – affected millions of people throughout history. It is a story of sailors and soldiers, penniless mothers, orphaned infants, and young children left susceptible to blindness and fatal infections. We also glimpse the fortunate ones who, with ample vitamin A-rich food, escaped this elusive stalker. Why were people going blind and dying? To unravel this puzzle, scientists around the world competed over the course of a century. Their persistent efforts led to the identification of vitamin A and its essential role in health. As a primary focus of today’s international public health efforts, vitamin A has saved hundreds of thousands of lives. But, we discover, they could save many more were it not for obstacles erected by political and ideological zealots who lack a historical perspective of the problem. Although exhaustively researched and documented, this book is written for intellectually curious lay readers as well as for specialists. Public health professionals, nutritionists, and historians of science and medicine have much to learn from this book about the cultural and scientific origins of their disciplines. Likewise, readers interested in military and cultural history will learn about the interaction of health, society, science, and politics. The author’s presentation of vitamin A deficiency is likely to become a classic case study of health disparities in the past as well as the present.

Author : Rune Blomhoff
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 714 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1994-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0824791207

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Vitamin A in Health and Disease by Rune Blomhoff Pdf

Reviews the recent breakthroughs in vitamin A research. Discusses the metabolism of vitamin A; the mechanism of action of vitamin A and the provitamin A carotenoids; the role of retinoids in embryonic development, skin and epithelial cells, blood cells, vision, and reproduction; vitamin A deficiency and teratogenicity; and the anticancer role of vitamin A from an epidemiological point of view. Intended as a source of information for scientists engaged in research in the field of vitamin A.

Author : Harriet V. Kuhnlein,Gretel H. Pelto,International Development Research Centre (Canada),International Nutrition Foundation for Developing Countries
Publisher : IDRC
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Food habits
ISBN : 9780889367685

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Culture, Environment and Food to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency by Harriet V. Kuhnlein,Gretel H. Pelto,International Development Research Centre (Canada),International Nutrition Foundation for Developing Countries Pdf

Culture, Environment, and Food to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309040495

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Eat for Life by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine Pdf

Results from the National Research Council's (NRC) landmark study Diet and health are readily accessible to nonscientists in this friendly, easy-to-read guide. Readers will find the heart of the book in the first chapter: the Food and Nutrition Board's nine-point dietary plan to reduce the risk of diet-related chronic illness. The nine points are presented as sensible guidelines that are easy to follow on a daily basis, without complicated measuring or calculatingâ€"and without sacrificing favorite foods. Eat for Life gives practical recommendations on foods to eat and in a "how-to" section provides tips on shopping (how to read food labels), cooking (how to turn a high-fat dish into a low-fat one), and eating out (how to read a menu with nutrition in mind). The volume explains what protein, fiber, cholesterol, and fats are and what foods contain them, and tells readers how to reduce their risk of chronic disease by modifying the types of food they eat. Each chronic disease is clearly defined, with information provided on its prevalence in the United States. Written for everyone concerned about how they can influence their health by what they eat, Eat for Life offers potentially lifesaving information in an understandable and persuasive way. Alternative Selection, Quality Paperback Book Club

Author : WHO/UNICEF/IVACG Task Force,UNICEF.,International Vitamin A Consultative Group
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9241545062

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Vitamin A Supplements by WHO/UNICEF/IVACG Task Force,UNICEF.,International Vitamin A Consultative Group Pdf

Prepared by a WHO/UNICEF/IVACG Task Force

Author : H. DeLuca
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461588702

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The Fat-Soluble Vitamins by H. DeLuca Pdf

The first demonstration of the existence of a vitamin and the full recognition of this fact are often attributed to the work of McCollum, who found that a sub stance in butterfat and cod-liver oil was necessary for growth and health of ani mals fed purified diets. It became obvious that an organic substance present in microconcentrations was vital to growth and reproduction of animals. Following the coining of the word vitamine by Funk, McCollum named this fat-soluble sub stance vitamin A. We can, therefore, state that vitamin A was certainly one of the first known vitamins, yet its function and the function of the other fat-soluble vitamins had remained largely unknown until recent years. However, there has been an explosion of investigation and new information in this field, which had remained quiescent for at least two or three decades. It is now obvious that the fat-soluble vitamins function quite differently from their water-soluble counter parts. We have learned that vitamin D functions by virtue of its being converted in the kidney to a hormone that functions to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism. This new endocrine system is in the process of being elucidated in detail, and in addition, the medical use of these hormonal forms of vitamin D in the treatment of a variety of metabolic bone diseases has excited the medical com munity.

Author : Saurabh Mehta,Julia Finkelstein
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781351058186

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Nutrition and HIV by Saurabh Mehta,Julia Finkelstein Pdf

The world continues to lose more than a million lives each year to the HIV epidemic, and nearly two million individuals were infected with HIV in 2017 alone. The new Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by countries of the United Nations in September 2015, include a commitment to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Considerable emphasis on prevention of new infections and treatment of those living with HIV will be needed to make this goal achievable. With nearly 37 million people now living with HIV, it is a communicable disease that behaves like a noncommunicable disease. Nutritional management is integral to comprehensive HIV care and treatment. Improved nutritional status and weight gain can increase recovery and strength of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, improve dietary diversity and caloric intake, and improve quality of life. This book highlights evidence-based research linking nutrition and HIV and identifies research gaps to inform the development of guidelines and policies for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. A comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions is likely to maximize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy in preventing HIV disease progression and other adverse outcomes in HIV-infected men and women. Modification of nutritional status has been shown to enhance the quality of life of those suffering HIV/AIDS, both physically in terms of improved body mass index and immunological markers, and psychologically, by improving symptoms of depression. While the primary focus for those infected should remain on antiretroviral treatment and increasing its availability and coverage, improvement of nutritional status plays a complementary role in the management of HIV infection.

Author : Jack Christopher Bauernfeind
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : UOM:39015011645432

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Vitamin A Deficiency and Its Control by Jack Christopher Bauernfeind Pdf

Abstract: A reference text for nutrition researchers, clinical nutritionists, and other health care professionals provides 19 authoritative reviews by international experts concerning various aspects of the cause, symptoms, and treatment of vitamin A deficiency. Topics focusing on vitamin A deficiency include: global incidences; the physiologic and metabolic basis of the major symptoms of deficiency; nutrient-nutrient interactions; its pathogenesis and clinical aspects; its control by education and public health approaches; its control by diet and supplements; its control in various regions (India; Central America; the Philippines; Indonesia); its effect in pregnancy, lactation, and in the nursing infant; and programs for its prevention and treatment. Related topics include the effect of vitamin A status on the immune system and on cancer induction. The activities of major organizations involved in the eradication of vitamin A deficiency also are discussed.

Author : J.R. Galler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461572190

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Nutrition and Behavior by J.R. Galler Pdf

After the appearance of the four-book series Human Nutrition: A Compre hensive Treatise, it became apparent to the editors that an important area of nutrition had been overlooked, namely, behavioral aspects of nutrition. There are two areas in which nutrition and behavior interact. On the one hand, mal nutrition may play a major role in determining behavior; alternatively, often aspects of behavior influence the eating habits of populations and individuals and thus affect their nutritional status. Volume 5 of this series speaks eloquently to both features of this important topic. Various aspects of the influence of behavior modification and nutrition have been explored by a number of qualified investigators. It is hoped that this volume will prove a valuable addition to the subjects covered in the other volumes. Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater David Kritchevsky Los Angeles and Philadelphia ix Contents Introduction: The Challenge of Nutrition and Environment as Determinants of Behavioral Development .................... . Janina R. Galler References ............................................. 5 Part I • Nutritional Deficiencies or Excesses Modifying Behavioral Outcome Chapter 1 Methological Requirements for Conceptually Valid Research Studies on the Behavioral Effects of Malnutrition David E. Barrett 1. Introduction ......................................... 9 2. Statistical-Conclusion Validity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . 3. Internal Validity ...................................... 14 4. External Validity ..................................... 16 5. Construct Validity of Putative Causes and Effects . . . . . . . . .. . . . 19 6. Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 28 . . . .