Women And Medicine In The French Enlightenment

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Women and Medicine in the French Enlightenment

Lindsay Blake Wilson
Women and Medicine in the French Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Lindsay Blake Wilson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015029193128

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Women and Medicine in the French Enlightenment by Lindsay Blake Wilson Pdf

"In Women and Medicine in the French Enlightenment Lindsay Wilson takes a new approach to the social history of medicine by focusing on the key role that women played as both providers and recipients of health care during the Ancien Regime. Wilson pays special attention to three medical controversies involving maladies des femmes in eighteenth-century France: the "miraculous cures" claimed by the Convulsionaries of St. Medard, the uncertainty over the maximum length of pregnancy (and its implications for the legitimacy of heirs) and the debate over the medical effectiveness of mesmerism." "Wilson's analysis of these debates reveals how social and political concerns affected the medical community's efforts to establish an enlightened science of medicine which would, in turn, legitimize its own authority. But because the issues of legitimacy, hierarchy and authority raised by the medical causes celebres resonated so deeply throughout French society, debate extended far beyond medical circles to an increasingly engaged public. Such debate reflected a significant shift in the center of politics from the institutions of court, academy, and parlement to journals, theaters, and the streets." "Wilson's description of these debates provides insight into the forces that were transforming the family, the church, corporate society, and the state on the eve of the Revolution. She argues for a re-assessment of a period that has been all too easily categorized as an age of triumph - either for enlightenment or for repression. Her work also offers concrete examples of the ways in which sexual symbolism can he employed to maintain social order or promote change. Based on medical treatises, medical topographies, official reports, judicial documents, physicians' correspondence, and memoirs of eighteenth-century women, Women and Medicine in the French Enlightenment is a thoroughly interdisciplinary work that will appeal to anyone with an interest in the social history of medicine, women's studies, Enlightenment thought, and French social history."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier

Elizabeth A. Williams
A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth A. Williams
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351962568

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A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier by Elizabeth A. Williams Pdf

One of the key themes of the Enlightenment was the search for universal laws and truths that would help illuminate the workings of the universe. It is in such attitudes that we trace the origins of modern science and medicine. However, not all eighteenth century scientists and physicians believed that such universal laws could be found, particularly in relation to the differences between living and inanimate matter. From the 1740s physicians working in the University of Medicine of Montpellier began to contest Descartes's dualist concept of the body-machine that was being championed by leading Parisian medical 'mechanists'. In place of the body-machine perspective that sought laws universally valid for all phenomena, the vitalists postulated a distinction being living and other matter, offering a holistic understanding of the physical-moral relation in place of mind-body dualism. Their medicine was not based on mathematics and the unity of the sciences, but on observation of the individual patient and the harmonious activities of the 'body-economy'. Vitalists believed that Illness was a result of disharmony in this 'body-economy' which could only be remedied on an individual level depending on the patient's own 'natural' limitations. The limitations were established by a myriad of factors such as sex, class, age, temperament, region, and race, which negated the use of a single universal treatment for a particular ailment. Ultimately Montpelier medicine was eclipsed by that of Paris, a development linked to the dynamics of the Enlightenment as a movement bent on cultural centralisation, acquiring a reputation as a kind of anti-science of the exotic and the mad. Given the long-standing Paris-centrism of French cultural history, Montpellier vitalism has never been accorded the attention it deserves by historians. This study repairs that neglect.

Women, Gender and Disease in Eighteenth-Century England and France

Ann Kathleen Doig,Felicia B. Sturzer
Women Gender and Disease in Eighteenth Century England and France Book PDF

Author : Ann Kathleen Doig,Felicia B. Sturzer
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781443861212

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Women, Gender and Disease in Eighteenth-Century England and France by Ann Kathleen Doig,Felicia B. Sturzer Pdf

Based on encyclopedias, medical journals, historical, and literary sources, this collection of interdisciplinary essays focuses on the intersection of women, gender, and disease in England and France. Diverse critical perspectives highlight contributions women made to the scientific and medical communities of the eighteenth century. In spite of obstacles encountered in spaces dominated by men, women became midwives, and wrote self-help manuals on women’s health, hygiene, and domestic economy. Excluded from universities, they nevertheless contributed significantly to such fields as anatomy, botany, medicine, and public health. Enlightenment perspectives on the nature of the female body, childbirth, diseases specific to women, “gender,” sex, “masculinity” and “femininity,” adolescence, and sexual differentiation inform close readings of English and French literary texts. Treatises by Montpellier vitalists influenced intellectuals and physicians such as Nicolas Chambon, Pierre Cabanis, Jacques-Louis Moreau de la Sarthe, Jules-Joseph Virey, and Théophile de Bordeu. They impacted the exchange of letters and production of literary works by Julie de Lespinasse, Françoise de Graffigny, Nicolas Chamfort, Mary Astell, Frances Burney, Lawrence Sterne, Eliza Haywood, and Daniel Defoe. In our post-modern era, these essays raise important questions regarding women as subjects, objects, and readers of the philosophical, medical, and historical discourses that framed the project of enlightenment.

Medicine in the Enlightenment

Roy Porter
Medicine in the Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Roy Porter
Publisher : Rodopi
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Enlightenment
ISBN : 9051835620

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Medicine in the Enlightenment by Roy Porter Pdf

The interpretation of eighteenth-century medicine has been much contested. Some have view it as a wilderness of rationalism and arid theories between the Scientific Revolution and the astonishing changes of the nineteenth-century. Other scholars have emphasized the close and fruitful links between medicine and the Enlightenment, suggesting that medical advance was the very embodiment of the philosphes ' ideal of a practical science that would improve mankind's lot and foster human happiness. In a series of essays covering Great Britain, France, Germany and other parts of Europe, noted historians debate these issues through detailed examinations of major aspects of eighteenth-century medicine and medical controversy, including such topics as the introduction of smallpox inoculation, the transformation of medical education, and the treatment of the insane. The essays as a whole suggest a positive reading of the transformations in eighteenth-century medicine, while stressing local diversity and uneven development.

Female Sexuality and Cultural Degradation in Enlightenment France

Mary McAlpin
Female Sexuality and Cultural Degradation in Enlightenment France Book PDF

Author : Mary McAlpin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-15
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781317135906

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Female Sexuality and Cultural Degradation in Enlightenment France by Mary McAlpin Pdf

In her study of eighteenth-century literature and medical treatises, Mary McAlpin takes up the widespread belief among cultural philosophers of the French Enlightenment that society was gravely endangered by the effects of hyper-civilization. McAlpin's study explores a strong thread in this rhetoric of decline: the belief that premature puberty in young urban girls, supposedly brought on by their exposure to lascivious images, titillating novels, and lewd conversations, was the source of an increasing moral and physical degeneration. In how-to hygiene books intended for parents, the medical community declared that the only cure for this obviously involuntary departure from the "natural" path of sexual development was the increased surveillance of young girls. As these treatises by vitalist and vitalist-inspired physiologists became increasingly common in the 1760s, McAlpin shows, so, too, did the presence of young, vulnerable, and virginal heroines in the era's novels. Analyzing novels by, among others, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Denis Diderot, and Choderlos de Laclos, she offers physiologically based readings of many of the period's most famous heroines within the context of an eighteenth-century discourse on women and heterosexual desire that broke with earlier periods in recasting female and male desire as qualitatively distinct. Her study persuasively argues that the Western view of women's sexuality as a mysterious, nebulous force-Freud's "dark continent"-has its secular origins in the mid-eighteenth century.

Medicine and Religion in Enlightenment Europe

Ole Peter Grell,Dr. Andrew Cunningham
Medicine and Religion in Enlightenment Europe Book PDF

Author : Ole Peter Grell,Dr. Andrew Cunningham
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : History
ISBN : UVA:X030275835

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Medicine and Religion in Enlightenment Europe by Ole Peter Grell,Dr. Andrew Cunningham Pdf

The Enlightenment period, here understood as covering the years 1650 to 1789, is usually considered to be a period when religion was obliged to give way to rationality. With respect to medicine this means that the religious elements in the treatment and interpretation of diseases to all intents and purposes disappeared. However, there are growing indications in recent scholarship that this may well be an overstatement. Indeed it appears that religion retained many of its customary relations with medicine. This volume explores how far, and the ways in which, this was still the case. It looks at this multi-faceted relationship with respect to among others: medical care and death in hospitals, religious vocation and nursing, chemical medicine and religion, the clergy and medicine, the continued significance of popular medicine, faith healing, dissection and religion, and religious dissent and medical innovation. Within these significant areas the volume provides a European perspective which will make it possible to draw comparisons and determine differences.

Nature Displayed

L.J. Jordanova
Nature Displayed Book PDF

Author : L.J. Jordanova
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317884958

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Nature Displayed by L.J. Jordanova Pdf

A collection of essays - including 3 that have never been published before - by one of the leading figures in cultural history. Professor Jordanova examines and reinterprets the writings of eighteenth-century thinkers and, in the process, sheds light on contemporary views on issues such as motherhood, sexuality, the body, art and medicine. The volume includes some of the author's most controversial and pioneering work, all the pieces have been revised in the light of the latest historiography and much of the material is published here for the first time.

Enlightenment and Pathology

Anne C. Vila
Enlightenment and Pathology Book PDF

Author : Anne C. Vila
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : History
ISBN : 0801858097

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Enlightenment and Pathology by Anne C. Vila Pdf

If moods are as contagious as colds, and wickedness as debilitating as a bad diet, inquiries into assorted discourses in 18th-century France still have much to tell. Author Anne Vila shows that multiple junctures between the body and the mind promoted a steady commerce of speculation and discussion between science and the social salons of the time. 9 illustrations.

A Cultural History of Medicine in the Age of Enlightenment

Lisa Smith
A Cultural History of Medicine in the Age of Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Lisa Smith
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2023-02-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472569905

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A Cultural History of Medicine in the Age of Enlightenment by Lisa Smith Pdf

"Patient, disease and physician were the three corners of the 'medical triangle' according to one of the texts attributed to Hippocrates, a famous ancient Greek doctor. This volume, covering a period from roughly 800 BCE to 800 CE, examines and deconstructs these three aspects of ancient medicine in the Mediterranean world. It shows that, while physicians sought to assert themselves as experts in the medical art, they had to contend with numerous other healers whose methods, remedies and tools patients often favoured. It explores the ways in which civic entities, cities, kingdoms and empires, and their officials directly and indirectly shaped medical encounters and discoveries. It examines the interaction between medicine and the environment, non-human animals and plants. To attempt a cultural history of medicine in antiquity requires bringing together a wealth of sources: the texts attributed to Hippocrates, Galen and other medical authors are not neglected, but they are studied alongside other literary and historical works, letters on papyri, funerary inscriptions celebrating healers, surgical tools and bioarchaeological remains. While discussing the enduring cultural impact of classical Greek and Roman medicine in the West, through texts such as the Hippocratic Oath or names of diseases and types of medicines, this volume reveals the various ways in which health, disease and medical treatments were experienced diversely in the ancient world, according to gender, socio-economic class and ethnicity"--

The Expert Cook in Enlightenment France

Sean Takats
The Expert Cook in Enlightenment France Book PDF

Author : Sean Takats
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2011-12-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781421403380

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The Expert Cook in Enlightenment France by Sean Takats Pdf

In the eighteenth-century French household, the servant cook held a special place of importance, providing daily meals and managing the kitchen and its finances. In this scrupulously researched and witty history, Sean Takats examines the lives of these cooks as they sought to improve their position in society and reinvent themselves as expert, skilled professionals. Much has been written about the cuisine of the period, but Takats takes readers down into the kitchen and introduces them to the men and women behind the food. It is only in that way, Takats argues, that we can fully recover the scientific and cultural significance of the meals they created, and, more important, the contributions of ordinary workers to eighteenth-century intellectual life. He shows how cooks, along with decorators, architects, and fashion merchants, drove France’s consumer revolution, and how cooks' knowledge about a healthy diet and the medicinal properties of food advanced their professional status by capitalizing on the Enlightenment’s new concern for bodily and material happiness. The Expert Cook in Enlightenment France explores a unique intersection of cultural history, labor history, and the history of science and medicine. Relying on an unprecedented range of sources, from printed cookbooks and medical texts to building plans and commercial advertisements, Takats reconstructs the evolving role of the cook in Enlightenment France. Academics and students alike will enjoy this fascinating study of the invention of the professional chef, of how ordinary workers influenced emerging trends of scientific knowledge, culture-creation, and taste in eighteenth-century France.

The Cambridge Companion to the French Enlightenment

Daniel Brewer
The Cambridge Companion to the French Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Daniel Brewer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107021488

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The Cambridge Companion to the French Enlightenment by Daniel Brewer Pdf

Containing essays by leading scholars representing a wide range of disciplines, this Companion offers new perspectives on the French Enlightenment. Clearly organized and easy to use, the volume provides a comprehensive overview of a period that marks the beginning of modern intellectual culture and political life.

Women's Medical Work in Early Modern France

Susan Broomhall
Women s Medical Work in Early Modern France Book PDF

Author : Susan Broomhall
Publisher : Manchester University Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : France
ISBN : 0719062861

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Women's Medical Work in Early Modern France by Susan Broomhall Pdf

This text combines detailed research with a clear presentation of the existing literature of women's medical work, making it useful to students of gender and medical history.

New Medical Challenges during the Scottish Enlightenment

Guenter B. Risse
New Medical Challenges during the Scottish Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Guenter B. Risse
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789004333000

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New Medical Challenges during the Scottish Enlightenment by Guenter B. Risse Pdf

New Medical Challenges explores a wide range of social and medical practices, exposing the contradictions and ambiguities found in eighteenth-century Scottish health, science and medicine. The overall picture casts further light on the nature of the Enlightenment as a cultural phenomenon.

Health and Wellness in the Renaissance and Enlightenment

Joseph P. Byrne
Health and Wellness in the Renaissance and Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Joseph P. Byrne
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-07-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9780313381379

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Health and Wellness in the Renaissance and Enlightenment by Joseph P. Byrne Pdf

Examining a 300-year period that encompasses the Scientific Revolution, this engrossing book offers a fresh and clearly organized discussion of the human experience of health, medicine, and health care, from the Age of Discovery to the era of the French Revolution. Health and Wellness in the Renaissance and Enlightenment compares and contrasts health care practices of various cultures from around the world during the vital period from 1500 to 1800. These years, which include the Age of Discovery and the Scientific Revolution, were a period of rapid advance of both science and medicine. New drugs were developed and new practices, some of which stemmed from increasingly frequent contact between various cultures, were initiated. Examining the medical systems of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the colonial world, this comprehensive study covers a wide array of topics including education and training of medical professionals and the interaction of faith, religion, and medicine. The book looks specifically at issues related to women's health and the health of infants and children, at infectious diseases and occupational and environmental hazards, and at brain and mental disorders. Chapters also focus on advances in surgery, dentistry, and orthopedics, and on the apothecary and his pharmacopoeia.

Casanova in the Enlightenment

Malina Stefanovska
Casanova in the Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Malina Stefanovska
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-07
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781487534585

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Casanova in the Enlightenment by Malina Stefanovska Pdf

Illuminating the legend that Giacomo Casanova singlehandedly created in his famous – and at times infamous – autobiography, The History of My Life, this book provides a timely reassessment of Casanova’s role and importance as an author of the European Enlightenment. From the margins of libertine authorship where he has been traditionally relegated, the various essays in this collection reposition Casanova at the heart of Enlightenment debates on medicine, sociability, gender, and writing. Based on new scholarship, this reappraisal of a key Enlightenment figure explores the period’s fascination with ethnography, its scientific societies, and its understanding of gender, medicine, and women. Casanova is here finally granted his rightful place in cultural and literary history, a place which explains his enduring yet controversial reputation as a figure of seduction and adventure.