Evidence For Policy And Decision Making

Author : Paul Cairney
Publisher : Springer
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137517814

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The Politics of Evidence-Based Policy Making by Paul Cairney Pdf

The Politics of Evidence Based Policymaking identifies how to work with policymakers to maximize the use of scientific evidence. Policymakers cannot consider all evidence relevant to policy problems. They use two shortcuts: ‘rational’ ways to gather enough evidence, and ‘irrational’ decision-making, drawing on emotions, beliefs, and habits. Most scientific studies focus on the former. They identify uncertainty when policymakers have incomplete evidence, and try to solve it by improving the supply of information. They do not respond to ambiguity, or the potential for policymakers to understand problems in very different ways. A good strategy requires advocates to be persuasive: forming coalitions with like-minded actors, and accompanying evidence with simple stories to exploit the emotional or ideological biases of policymakers.

Author : George Argyrous
Publisher : UNSW Press
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780868409030

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Evidence for Policy and Decision-making by George Argyrous Pdf

The need to base policy on evidence has placed pressure on decision-makers to support proposals with well-grounded research and information. However, no practical guide with a focus on public sector policy and decision-making for doing this exists. This edited text fills the gap by providing a practical and comprehensive manual for people working in policy areas. It is aimed at practitioners with little or no experience in research and analysis but who require skills in managing, assessing and critically evaluating evidence use in the public sector. This first part of the book covers a range of broad frameworks within which evidence is used to arrive at decisions. These include evaluation, cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria analysis, economic modelling and forecasting, and scenario planning and futures analysis. The second part of the book then discusses the specific methods used to gather and analyse evidence within these frameworks, including secondary data sources, sample surveys, and qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The emphasis throughout is not on technical knowledge, but critical understanding. George Argyrous is Senior Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences and International Studies at the University of New South Wales, Australia, and is an Adjunct Faculty member of the Australia and New Zealand School of Government.

Author : Ian Goldman,Mine Pabari
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000076110

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Using Evidence in Policy and Practice by Ian Goldman,Mine Pabari Pdf

This book asks how governments in Africa can use evidence to improve their policies and programmes, and ultimately, to achieve positive change for their citizens. Looking at different evidence sources across a range of contexts, the book brings policy makers and researchers together to uncover what does and doesn’t work and why. Case studies are drawn from five countries and the ECOWAS (west African) region, and a range of sectors from education, wildlife, sanitation, through to government procurement processes. The book is supported by a range of policy briefs and videos intended to be both practical and critically rigorous. It uses evidence sources such as evaluations, research synthesis and citizen engagement to show how these cases succeeded in informing policy and practice. The voices of policy makers are key to the book, ensuring that the examples deployed are useful to practitioners and researchers alike. This innovative book will be perfect for policy makers, practitioners in government and civil society, and researchers and academics with an interest in how evidence can be used to support policy making in Africa. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003007043, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

Author : GEORGE. ARGYROUS
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1458746488

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EVIDENCE FOR POLICY & DECISION-MAKING by GEORGE. ARGYROUS Pdf

Author : George Argyrous
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1459603524

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Evidence for Policy and Decision-Making by George Argyrous Pdf

With a focus on public-sector policy and decision making, this textbook, designed for masters-level courses in public administration, details the keystones of well-grounded research and information to support proposals. This is a comprehensive manual for people working in policy areas, and is useful for practitioners with little or no experience in research and analysis but who require skills in managing, assessing, and critically evaluating evidence-use in the public sector.

Author : Justin Parkhurst
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-10-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781317380863

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The Politics of Evidence by Justin Parkhurst Pdf

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. There has been an enormous increase in interest in the use of evidence for public policymaking, but the vast majority of work on the subject has failed to engage with the political nature of decision making and how this influences the ways in which evidence will be used (or misused) within political areas. This book provides new insights into the nature of political bias with regards to evidence and critically considers what an ‘improved’ use of evidence would look like from a policymaking perspective. Part I describes the great potential for evidence to help achieve social goals, as well as the challenges raised by the political nature of policymaking. It explores the concern of evidence advocates that political interests drive the misuse or manipulation of evidence, as well as counter-concerns of critical policy scholars about how appeals to ‘evidence-based policy’ can depoliticise political debates. Both concerns reflect forms of bias – the first representing technical bias, whereby evidence use violates principles of scientific best practice, and the second representing issue bias in how appeals to evidence can shift political debates to particular questions or marginalise policy-relevant social concerns. Part II then draws on the fields of policy studies and cognitive psychology to understand the origins and mechanisms of both forms of bias in relation to political interests and values. It illustrates how such biases are not only common, but can be much more predictable once we recognise their origins and manifestations in policy arenas. Finally, Part III discusses ways to move forward for those seeking to improve the use of evidence in public policymaking. It explores what constitutes ‘good evidence for policy’, as well as the ‘good use of evidence’ within policy processes, and considers how to build evidence-advisory institutions that embed key principles of both scientific good practice and democratic representation. Taken as a whole, the approach promoted is termed the ‘good governance of evidence’ – a concept that represents the use of rigorous, systematic and technically valid pieces of evidence within decision-making processes that are representative of, and accountable to, populations served.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities for Environmental Decision Making
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2005-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309095402

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Decision Making for the Environment by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities for Environmental Decision Making Pdf

With the growing number, complexity, and importance of environmental problems come demands to include a full range of intellectual disciplines and scholarly traditions to help define and eventually manage such problems more effectively. Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities is the result of a 2-year effort by 12 social and behavioral scientists, scholars, and practitioners. The report sets research priorities for the social and behavioral sciences as they relate to several different kinds of environmental problems.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9264621652

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Building Capacity for Evidence-Informed Policy-Making by Anonim Pdf

This report analyses the skills and capacities governments need to strengthen evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) and identifies a range of possible interventions that are available to foster greater uptake of evidence. Increasing governments' capacity for evidence-informed is a critical part of good public governance. However, an effective connection between the supply and the demand for evidence in the policy-making process remains elusive. This report offers concrete tools and a set of good practices for how the public sector can support senior officials, experts and advisors working at the political/administrative interface. This support entails investing in capability, opportunity and motivation and through behavioral changes. The report identifies a core skillset for EIPM at the individual level, including the capacity for understanding, obtaining, assessing, using, engaging with stakeholders, and applying evidence, which wasdeveloped in collaboration with the European Commission Joint Research Centre. It also identifies a set of capacities at the organisational level that can be put in place across the machinery of government, throughout the role of interventions, strategies and tools to strengthen these capacities. The report concludes with a set of recommendations to assist governments in building their capacities.

Author : Harry Brighouse,Helen F. Ladd,Susanna Loeb,Adam Swift
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-24
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780226514178

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Educational Goods by Harry Brighouse,Helen F. Ladd,Susanna Loeb,Adam Swift Pdf

This book, jointly authored by two distinguished philosophers and two prominent social scientists, has an ambitious aim: to improve decision-making in education policy. First they dive into the goals of education policy and explain the terms "educational goods" and "childhood goods," adding precision and clarity to the discussion of the distributive values that are essential for good decision-making about education. Then they provide a framework for individual decision-makers that enables them to combine values and evidence in the evaluation of educational policy options. Finally they delve into the particular policy issues of school finance, school accountability, and school choice, and they show how decision makers might approach them in the light of this decision-making framework. The authors are not advocated particular policy choices, however. The focus instead is a smart framework that will make it easier for policymakers (and readers) to identify and think through what they disagree with others about.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2022-01-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240039872

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Evidence, policy, impact. WHO guide for evidence-informed decision-making by Anonim Pdf

The importance of evidence-informed approaches in policy formulation and implementation has long been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and its Member States. With the General Programme of Work (GPW)13 and the creation of the Science Division, WHO has reinforced its science and evidence-based mandate. This guide offers staff and partner organizations a compendium of WHO tools to successfully leverage evidence for policy and impact, and promote evidence-informed decision-making for safe and effective health policy and practice at country and global levels. Through its framework, the guide will increase awareness and uptake of existing tools and best practices, and additionally facilitate collaboration between areas within the Organization and with partners across countries and regions.

Author : Ian Shemilt,Miranda Mugford,Luke Vale,Kevin Marsh,Cam Donaldson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781444320404

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Evidence-based Decisions and Economics by Ian Shemilt,Miranda Mugford,Luke Vale,Kevin Marsh,Cam Donaldson Pdf

The need for evidence-based decisions that take account of botheffectiveness and economics is greater now than ever. Using casestudies and illustrative examples throughout the authors describehow the activities and outputs of evidence synthesis, systematicreview, economic analysis and decision-making interact within andacross different spheres of health and social policy and practice. Expanding on the first edition the book now covers approaches toevidence synthesis that combine economics and systematic reviewmethods in the applied fields of social welfare, education andcriminal justice, as well as health care. Written by economists andhealth services researchers closely involved in developingevidence-based policy and practice it showcases currentstate-of-the-art methodology and will be an invaluable read for allpolicy-makers and practitioners using evidence to inform decisions,analysts conducting research to support decisions and studentsdiscovering the need for evidence-based decisions to incorporateeconomic perspectives and evidence.

Author : William J. Sutherland,Peter Brotherton,Zoe G. Davies,Nathalie Pettorelli,Juliet A. Vickery
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781108714587

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Conservation Research, Policy and Practice by William J. Sutherland,Peter Brotherton,Zoe G. Davies,Nathalie Pettorelli,Juliet A. Vickery Pdf

Discover how conservation can be made more effective through strengthening links between science research, policy and practice. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Author : Stoker, Gerry,Evans, Mark
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781447329374

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Evidence-Based Policy Making in the Social Sciences by Stoker, Gerry,Evans, Mark Pdf

This book gathers an expert group of social scientists to showcase emerging forms of analysis and evaluation for public policy analysis. Each chapter highlights a different method or approach, putting it in context and highlighting its key features before illustrating its application and potential value to policy makers. Aimed at upper-level undergraduates in public policy and social work, it also has much to offer policy makers and practitioners themselves.

Author : Andrew D. Banasiewicz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351050067

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Evidence-Based Decision-Making by Andrew D. Banasiewicz Pdf

Evidence-Based Decision-Making: How to Leverage Available Data and Avoid Cognitive Biases examines how a wide range of factual evidence, primarily derived from a variety of data available to organizations, can be used to improve the quality of business decision-making, by helping decision makers circumvent the various cognitive biases that adversely impact how we all think. The book is built on the following premise: During the past decade, the new ‘data world’ emerged, in which the rush to develop competencies around business analytics and data science can be characterized as nothing less than the new commercial arms race. The ever-expanding volume and variety of data are well known, as are the great advances in data processing/analytics, data visualization, and related information production-focused capabilities. Yet, comparatively little effort has been devoted to how the informational products of business analytics and data science are ‘consumed’ or used in the organizational decision-making processes, as the available evidence shows that only some of that information is used to drive some business decisions some of the time. Evidence-Based Decision-Making details an explicit process describing how the universe of available and applicable evidence, which includes organizational and other data, industry benchmarks, scientific studies, and professional experience, can be assessed, amalgamated, and funneled into an objective driver of key business decisions. Introducing key concepts in relation to data and evidence, and the history of evidence-based management, this new and extremely topical book will be essential reading for researchers and students of data analytics as well as those working in the private and public sectors, and in the voluntary sector.

Author : Nancy Cartwright,Jeremy Hardie
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199986705

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Evidence-Based Policy by Nancy Cartwright,Jeremy Hardie Pdf

Over the last twenty or so years, it has become standard to require policy makers to base their recommendations on evidence. That is now uncontroversial to the point of triviality--of course, policy should be based on the facts. But are the methods that policy makers rely on to gather and analyze evidence the right ones? In Evidence-Based Policy, Nancy Cartwright, an eminent scholar, and Jeremy Hardie, who has had a long and successful career in both business and the economy, explain that the dominant methods which are in use now--broadly speaking, methods that imitate standard practices in medicine like randomized control trials--do not work. They fail, Cartwright and Hardie contend, because they do not enhance our ability to predict if policies will be effective. The prevailing methods fall short not just because social science, which operates within the domain of real-world politics and deals with people, differs so much from the natural science milieu of the lab. Rather, there are principled reasons why the advice for crafting and implementing policy now on offer will lead to bad results. Current guides in use tend to rank scientific methods according to the degree of trustworthiness of the evidence they produce. That is valuable in certain respects, but such approaches offer little advice about how to think about putting such evidence to use. Evidence-Based Policy focuses on showing policymakers how to effectively use evidence, explaining what types of information are most necessary for making reliable policy, and offers lessons on how to organize that information.