Problems Of Inhalatory Toxicity Studies

Author : Peter Grosdanoff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 692 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous
ISBN : UCLA:L0063659049

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Problems of Inhalatory Toxicity Studies by Peter Grosdanoff Pdf

INTRODUCTION INTO METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN INHALATION TOXICOLOGY; PROBLEMS AND CONCEPT OF SHORT TERM INHALATION TOXICITY STUDIES; ACUTE ORAL AND INHALATION TOXICITY; A CORRELATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS; HEAD ONLY AND NOSE ONLY EXPOSURE; WHOLE BODY EXPOSURE; VAPOR ATMOSPHERE GENERATION AND ANALYSIS; GENERATION OF AEROSOL FROM LIQUID AND SOLID TEST SUBSTANCE AND SAMPLING FOR AEROSOL ANALYSIS; GENERATION OF FIBROUS DUSTS AND SAMPLING FOR ANALYSIS; CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF SUITABLE EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AND KEEPING METHODS FOR INHALATION EXPERIMENTS MAKING SPECIAL ALLOWANCE FOR LONG TIME EXPERIMENTS; THE SUITABILITY OF THE SYRIAN GOLDEN HAMSTER FOR CHRONIC INHALATION EXPERIMENTS; STUDIES OF PARTICLE DEPOSITION AND CLEARANCE IN HUMANS; DEPOSITION AND LUNG CLEARANCE OF INHALED PARTICLES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS; NON INHALATORY ADMINISTRATION INTO THE RESPIRATORY TRACT; ON THE PROBLEMS OF EXPERIMENTAL CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES WITH FIBROUS DUSTS ADMINISTERED INTRAPERITONEALLY, INTRATRACHEALLY, AND BY INHALATION; A REVIEW OF PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS IN SMALL LABORATORY ANIMALS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH HUMAN STUDIES; TESTING OF PULMONARY FUNCTION IN CONSCIOUS EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS; LUNG FUNCTION TESTS ON HAMSTERS AND RATS USING THE WHOLE BODY PLETHYSMOGRAPH; COMPOSITION OF AIRWAY SECRETIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL BRONCHITIS ON THE RAT; ASSESSMENT OF EXTRAPULMONARY EFFECTS; PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY INHALED SUBSTANCES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS; BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN INHALATION TOXICITY STUDIES; ASSESSMENT OF INHALATION PHARMACOKINETICS IN CLOSED EXPOSURE SYSTEMS.

Author : U MOHR (Ed)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:985818351

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Inhalation Toxicology; the Design and Interpretation of Inhalation Studies and Their Use in Risk Assessment by U MOHR (Ed) Pdf

APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE TOXICITY OF AIRBORNE TOXICANTS; STANDARD-SETTING AS AN INTEGRATIVE EXERCISE: ALCHEMY, JUGGLING, OR SCIENCE; SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN INHALATION TOXICOLOGY: VARIATIONS IN EXPOSURE-DOSE RELATIONSHIPS AND MACROPHAGE FUNCTION; CELL POPULATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: INTERSPECIES DIVERSITY IN COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGY; COMPARATIVE METABOLIC BASIS FOR THE DISPOSITION AND TOXIC EFFECTS OF INHALED MATERIALS; METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN DESIGNING AND CONDUCTING STUDIES WITH LABORATORY ANIMALS; EXPOSURE FACILITIES AND AEROSOL GENERATION AND CHARACTERIZATION FOR INHALATION EXPERIMENTS; DIFFERENT METHODS USED IN ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC INHALATION STUDIES OF POTENTIAL LUNG IRRITANTS, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO LUNG FUNCTION; CHRONIC INHALATION TOXICITY STUDIES: PROTOCOLS AND PITFALLS; CARCINOGENICITY PROTOCOLS.

Author : Ulrich Mohr,Donald L. Dungworth,Georg Kimmerle,James Lewkowski,Roger O. McClellan,Werner Stöber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642613555

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Inhalation Toxicology by Ulrich Mohr,Donald L. Dungworth,Georg Kimmerle,James Lewkowski,Roger O. McClellan,Werner Stöber Pdf

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a nonprofit, public foundation, was established in 1978 to advance the sciences of nutrition, toxicology, and food safety. ILSI promotes the resolution of health and safety issues in these areas by sponsoring research, conferences, publications, and educational programs. Through ILSI's programs, scientists from government, academia, and industry unite their efforts to resolve issues of critical importance to the public. As part of its commitment to understanding and resolving health and safety issues, ILSI is pleased to sponsor this series of monographs that consolidates new scientific knowledge, defines research needs, and provides a background for the effective application of scientific advances in toxicology and food safety. Alex Malaspina President International Life Sciences Institute Contents Series Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Part I. Approaches to Assessing the Toxicity of Airborne Toxicants Chapter 1. Standard-Setting as an Integrative Exercise: Alchemy, Juggling, or Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 D. v. Bates Chapter 2. Species Differences in Inhalation Toxicology: Variations in Exposure-Dose Relationships and Macrophage Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 J. D. Brain Chapter 3. Cell Populations of the Respiratory System: Interspecies Diversity in Composition, Distribution, and Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 e. G. Plopper, A. Mir, J. St. George, N. Tyler, A. Mariassy, D. Wilson, S. Nishio, D. Cranz, J. Heidsiek, and D. Hyde Chapter 4. Comparative Metabolic Basis for the Disposition and Toxic Effects of Inhaled Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 A. R. Dahl Part II. Methodological Issues in Designing and Conducting Studies with Laboratory Animals Chapter 5. Exposure Facilities and Aerosol Generation and Characterization for Inhalation Experiments. . . . . . . . . .

Author : Harry Salem,Sidney A. Katz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1055 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2005-12-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781420037302

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Inhalation Toxicology by Harry Salem,Sidney A. Katz Pdf

Written by internationally recognized scientists from academic, industrial, and governmental sectors, Inhalation Toxicology, Second Edition details the methods and materials used in the theoretical and applied aspects of inhalation toxicology. The editors emphasize the relationship between the respiratory system and toxicology of inhaled substances

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards,Safe Drinking Water Committee
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1986-02-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309036870

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Drinking Water and Health, by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards,Safe Drinking Water Committee Pdf

The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14 specific compounds, 9 presented here for the first time.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-06-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264070783

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OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 412: Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study by OECD Pdf

This revised Test Guideline 412 (TG 412) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a limited period of time (28 days), and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk ...

Author : David V. Bates,Donald L. Dungworth,Peter N. Lee,Roger O. McClellan,Francis J.C. Roe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642746062

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Assessment of Inhalation Hazards by David V. Bates,Donald L. Dungworth,Peter N. Lee,Roger O. McClellan,Francis J.C. Roe Pdf

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a nonprofit, public foundation, was established in 1978 to advance the sciences of nutrition, toxicology, and food safety. ILSI promotes the resolution of health and safety issues in these areas by sponsoring research, conferences, publications, and educational programs. Through ILSI's programs, scientists from government, academia, and industry unite their efforts to resolve issues of critical importance to the public. As part of its commitment to understanding and resolving health and safety issues, ILSI is pleased to sponsor this series of monographs that consolidates new scientific knowledge, defines research needs, and provides a background for the effective application of scientific advances in toxicology and food safety. Alex Malaspina President International Life Sciences Institute Contents Series Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . xiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part I. Integrative Approach to Assessing Human Health Risk: Two Contemporary Problems Chapter 1. Integrating Diverse Data Sets to Assess the Risks of Airborne Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 R.o. McClellan, R.G. Cuddihy, w.e. Griffith, and J. L. Mauderly Chapter 2. Risk Assessment for Radon Inhalation Based on Animal Exposure Data and Human Epidemiology . . . . . . . 23 . F. Steinhausler Part II. Types of Evidence: General Strengths and Weaknesses Section 1. Epidemiological Chapter 3. Inhalation Hazards: The Interpretation of Epidemiologic Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . J.e. Bailar Chapter 4. Problems in Interpreting Epidemiological Data 49 P.N. Lee Section 2. Animal Chapter 5. Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies: Their Value and Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 . . . . . . . . . .

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Subcommittee on Rocket-Emission Toxicants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1998-07-24
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309173841

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Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emission Toxicants by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Subcommittee on Rocket-Emission Toxicants Pdf

The U.S. Air Force is developing a model to assist commanders in determining when it is safe to launch rocket vehicles. The model estimates the possible number and types of adverse health effects for people who might be exposed to the ground cloud created by rocket exhaust during a normal launch or during an aborted launch that results in a rocket being destroyed near the ground. Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emmission Toxicants evaluates the model and the data used for three rocket emission toxicants: hydrogen chloride, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric acid.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Assessing Toxicologic Risks to Human Subjects Used in Controlled Exposure Studies of Environmental Pollutants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309452526

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Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Assessing Toxicologic Risks to Human Subjects Used in Controlled Exposure Studies of Environmental Pollutants Pdf

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a mission and regulatory responsibility to protect human health and the environment. EPA's pursuit of that goal includes a variety of research activities involving human subjects, such as epidemiologic studies and surveys. Those research activities also involve studies of individuals who volunteer to be exposed to air pollutants intentionally in controlled laboratory settings so that measurements can be made of transient and reversible biomarker or physiologic responses to those exposures that can indicate pathways of toxicity and mechanisms of air-pollution responses. The results of those controlled human inhalation exposure (CHIE) studies, also referred to as human clinical studies or human challenge studies, are used to inform policy decisions and help establish or revise standards to protect public health and improve air quality. Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA addresses scientific issues and provides guidance on the conduct of CHIE studies. This report assesses the utility of CHIE studies to inform and reduce uncertainties in setting air-pollution standards to protect public health and assess whether continuation of such studies is warranted. It also evaluates the potential health risks to test subjects who participated in recent studies of air pollutants at EPA's clinical research facility.

Author : National Research Council,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2002-10-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309182706

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Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals by National Research Council,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Pdf

This book reviews toxicity documents on five chemicals that can be released in the air from accidents at chemical plants, storage sites, or during transportation. The documents were prepared by the National Advisory Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances and were evaluated for their scientific validity, comprehensives, internal consistency, and conformance to the 1993 guidelines report.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264071209

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OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 452: Chronic Toxicity Studies by OECD Pdf

The objective of these chronic toxicity studies is to characterize the profile of a substance in a mammalian species (primarily rodents) following prolonged and repeated exposure. The Test Guideline focuses on rodents and oral administration. Both ...

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 988 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1995-05-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309051408

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Environmental Medicine by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine Pdf

People are increasingly concerned about potential environmental health hazards and often ask their physicians questions such as: "Is the tap water safe to drink?" "Is it safe to live near power lines?" Unfortunately, physicians often lack the information and training related to environmental health risks needed to answer such questions. This book discusses six competency based learning objectives for all medical school students, discusses the relevance of environmental health to specific courses and clerkships, and demonstrates how to integrate environmental health into the curriculum through published case studies, some of which are included in one of the book's three appendices. Also included is a guide on where to obtain additional information for treatment, referral, and follow-up for diseases with possible environmental and/or occupational origins.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Manganese
ISBN : UOM:39015041736607

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Toxicological Profile for Manganese by Anonim Pdf

Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Montréal : Renouf]
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Chemical industry
ISBN : 9264122214

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OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2000-07-06
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309171939

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Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals Pdf

Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.