The Impacts Of Covid 19 And Policy Responses In Rural Economies

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Assessing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of rural people

Sitko, N., Knowles M., Viberti, F., Bordi, D.
Assessing the impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic on the livelihoods of rural people Book PDF

Author : Sitko, N., Knowles M., Viberti, F., Bordi, D.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251353394

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Assessing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of rural people by Sitko, N., Knowles M., Viberti, F., Bordi, D. Pdf

In this paper we focus specifically on differences in the welfare impacts of COVID-19 on rural livelihoods between countries using nationally representative data that we disaggregate by food system typology. This typology captures key structural differences in the organization of rural economies and the vulnerabilities to rural livelihoods due to the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures. In particular, we draw on household survey data collected from 54 countries through the World Bank’s COVID-19 High Frequency Monitoring Dashboard to generate descriptive data on COVID-19 impacts in rural areas across three dimensions: income, coping strategies and food security. These descriptive data are disaggregated into four food system categories and contextualized and validated through a systematic review of rigorous, survey-based studies of COVID-19 impacts in rural areas. Through this analysis, the report provides insights on how COVID-19 is influencing rural livelihoods, how its impacts vary between countries and food system typologies, and, ultimately, how policymakers and the international community need to respond in order to foster an inclusive and sustainable recovery.

The impact of COVID-19 on agriculture, food and rural areas in Central Asia and Caucasus countries

Djanibekov, N., Herzfeld, T.
The impact of COVID 19 on agriculture food and rural areas in Central Asia and Caucasus countries Book PDF

Author : Djanibekov, N., Herzfeld, T.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251351758

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The impact of COVID-19 on agriculture, food and rural areas in Central Asia and Caucasus countries by Djanibekov, N., Herzfeld, T. Pdf

This report contributes to the project ‘Securing agriculture and rural development in times of COVID-19, pathways to regional responses for recovery, reforms, and resilience’ by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The objectives of the report are threefold: 1) to assess the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on agriculture, food security, and rural community; 2) to review the policy responses taken by the governments of eight Central Asia and Caucasus (CAC) countries to mitigate the effects of the crisis, and 3) to provide contextual options to build the resilience of the agricultural sector during post-COVID-19 recovery and against future shocks.

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World

Rajib Bhattacharyya,Ananya Ghosh Dastidar,Soumyen Sikdar
The COVID 19 Pandemic India and the World Book PDF

Author : Rajib Bhattacharyya,Ananya Ghosh Dastidar,Soumyen Sikdar
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000463064

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The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World by Rajib Bhattacharyya,Ananya Ghosh Dastidar,Soumyen Sikdar Pdf

This book analyses the economic and social impact of the Covid-19 crisis with special focus on India. It examines the economic disruption caused by the pandemic, policy responses to it and the prospect of a severe global recession. It also covers how the pandemic has contributed to considerable suffering among the masses and affected socio-cultural relationships, behavioural patterns and psychological attitudes governing human interaction. A topical and timely collection on the pandemic, the essays in the volume discuss several key themes which include, · The Corona pandemic and the changing global economy; growth, trade and macroeconomic recovery; · Public health and policy failures; appropriate policy response; · Impact on education; guidelines for the future; · Idea of economic herd immunity; impact of India’s lockdown, crisis of the migrant labourers; · Impact on agriculture, industry, firms, households and the informal sector; · Implications of digital technology for production, labour and labour relations; · Violence amidst the virus; Covid 19 and Hindu- Muslim conflict in India, domestic violence, questions of occupation, identity, gender and vulnerability; · De-globalisation and environmental challenges in the post-Covid era. Engagingly written, this comprehensive volume compiles original research by leading economists from India and abroad. It will be useful for scholars and researchers of economics, of the Indian economy, development economics, development studies, labour studies, public policy, public administration, governance, sociology and political economy.

Assessing the economywide impacts of COVID-19 on Rwanda’s economy, agri-food system, and poverty: A social accounting matrix (SAM) multiplier approach

Aragie, Emerta,Diao, Xinshen,Robinson, Sherman,Rosenbach, Gracie,Spielman, David J.,Thurlow, James
Assessing the economywide impacts of COVID 19 on Rwanda s economy agri food system and poverty A social accounting matrix SAM multiplier approach Book PDF

Author : Aragie, Emerta,Diao, Xinshen,Robinson, Sherman,Rosenbach, Gracie,Spielman, David J.,Thurlow, James
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Assessing the economywide impacts of COVID-19 on Rwanda’s economy, agri-food system, and poverty: A social accounting matrix (SAM) multiplier approach by Aragie, Emerta,Diao, Xinshen,Robinson, Sherman,Rosenbach, Gracie,Spielman, David J.,Thurlow, James Pdf

Rwanda’s policy response to COVID-19 has been widely praised for its rapid, systematic, and comprehensive approach to containing the pandemic. Although the economic consequences are unavoidable, the country expects to return its economy to its high-growth trajectory as the pandemic subsides. We use economic modeling tools designed to estimate the short-term economywide impacts of the unanticipated, rapid-onset economic shocks of COVID-19 on Rwanda. - Results show that during the six-week lockdown that began in March, Rwanda’s GDP fell 39.1 percent (RWF 435 billion; USD 484 million) when compared to a no-COVID situation in the same period. - Results further show that Rwanda’s GDP in 2020 will be between 12 and 16 percent lower than a predicted no-COVID GDP, depending on the pace of the recovery. The losses in annual GDP are between RWF 1.0 and 1.5 trillion (USD 1.1–1.6 billion). - While GDP for the industrial and services sectors were estimated to have fallen during the lockdown period by 57 and 48 percent, respectively, exemptions of COVID-19 restrictions for the agricultural sector limited the decline in agricultural GDP to 7 percent compared to a noCOVID situation. - During the lockdown period, the national poverty rate is estimated to have increased by 10.9 percentage points as 1.3 million people, mostly in rural areas, fell into temporary poverty. Poverty rates are expected to stabilize by the end of 2020, increasing only by between 0.4 and 1.1 percentage points. While these figures may be encouraging, they mask the impacts on poor households of the sharp poverty spike during the lockdown and the inherent complexity of poverty dynamics post-lockdown. Looking forward, the speed and success of Rwanda’s recovery will depend critically on the expansion of Rwanda’s social protection programs, boosting enterprises of all sizes, support to the agri-food system, and restoration of international trade.

Policy responses to COVID-19 crisis in Near East and North Africa – keeping food and agricultural systems alive

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Policy responses to COVID 19 crisis in Near East and North Africa keeping food and agricultural systems alive Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251341537

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Policy responses to COVID-19 crisis in Near East and North Africa – keeping food and agricultural systems alive by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

There have been numerous economic difficulties felt by several countries in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) in recent years, generating difficult and region-specific challenges for the food and agriculture systems of the region. The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent economic crisis made a bad situation worse. This report does an extensive review and analysis of policy decisions made by 19 governments in the region in response to the COVID-19 crisis, from March 2020 to May 2020. The broad range of policy decisions were reviewed based on the Food and Agriculture Policy Decision Analysis (FAPDA) database, complemented by information on disruptions of food and agriculture systems and related policy responses provided by regional and country offices. Results from the review indicate what were the major policy responses from most countries in the region, including common policy responses targeting consumers and producers. It further shows that the magnitude of measures implemented in the region is characterized by a somewhat foreseeable divide between oil- and gas-rich countries and all other NENA countries. Benefiting from this consolidated analysis of the regional policy response, the report draws insights and provides general recommendations that may feed the policy debate at the national, regional, and global levels, facilitating better-targeted policy support and contribute to economic recovery with coordinated policy responses across countries.

The short-term impact of COVID-19 on Ethiopia’s economy through external sector channels: An economywide multiplier model analysis

Aragie, Emerta,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Tamru, Seneshaw
The short term impact of COVID 19 on Ethiopia s economy through external sector channels An economywide multiplier model analysis Book PDF

Author : Aragie, Emerta,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Tamru, Seneshaw
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 17 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The short-term impact of COVID-19 on Ethiopia’s economy through external sector channels: An economywide multiplier model analysis by Aragie, Emerta,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Tamru, Seneshaw Pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to considerably affect the Ethiopian economy directly and indirectly due to global shocks and to the different restrictive preventative measures the country is taking. We analyze these economic effects using multisector economywide income multiplier models built on the two latest Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) developed for Ethiopia. Three external sector channels are the focus of the analysis: commodity exports, strategic imports, and remittances. Results indicate that in the absence of any policy responses, the Ethiopian economy is expected to experience a loss of approximately 4.3 to 5.5 percent of its annual GDP due to exports, strategic imports, and remittances that are one-third lower relative to the no-COVID situation over a period of six-months. This translates into estimated reductions in labor income of between 4.2 and 5.2 percent. The SAM multiplier model estimates also imply that these negative shocks lead to household income losses that amount to between 3.9 and 6.4 percent. In particular, the urban poor will be the most affected as they lose real incomes in the range of 6.6 to 8.5 percent. These income losses are estimated to result in a 3.5 percentage point rise in the national poverty headcount.

COVID-19: Estimating impact on the economy and poverty in Pakistan: Using SAM Multiplier Model

Moeen, Muhammad Saad,Haider, Zeeshan,Shikoh, Sania Haider,Rizwan, Noormah,Davies, Stephen,Rana, Abdul Wajid
COVID 19 Estimating impact on the economy and poverty in Pakistan Using SAM Multiplier Model Book PDF

Author : Moeen, Muhammad Saad,Haider, Zeeshan,Shikoh, Sania Haider,Rizwan, Noormah,Davies, Stephen,Rana, Abdul Wajid
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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COVID-19: Estimating impact on the economy and poverty in Pakistan: Using SAM Multiplier Model by Moeen, Muhammad Saad,Haider, Zeeshan,Shikoh, Sania Haider,Rizwan, Noormah,Davies, Stephen,Rana, Abdul Wajid Pdf

Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) multiplier analysis has been employed to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on various macroeconomic variables including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, and poverty in Pakistan. SAM multiplier models are well-suited to estimate the direct and indirect effects of unanticipated demand-side shocks and short-term fluctuations on various sectors and agents in the economy, such as those caused by the COVID19 pandemic. The results show that Pakistan’s GDP declined by 26.4 percent from mid-March to the end of June 2020 (14 weeks) compared to a non-COVID scenario. Services were hit the hardest, registering losses of 17.6 percent, followed by industry with losses of 6.7 percent. Agriculture turned out to be resilient and remained relatively unhurt, falling by 2.1 percent. All households witnessed a reduction in incomes, but higher-income quartiles appeared to have lost more than lower-income ones. Our approach for economic impact with mitigation measures is to assess the effectiveness of Emergency Response Packages (ERP) by altering the remittances to levels that reflect the magnitude of the support from the government. The total government expenditures were directed towards different kinds of households of PKR 318.6 billion (USD 2.12 billion). This led to a reduction of about USD 3.1 billion in GDP losses, which, compared to the amount spent implied a multiplier of 1.4 in GDP per PKR spent. The national poverty rate soared to 43 percent and 38.7 percent in April and May respectively. The Government’s cash transfers program proved highly effective and led to 11 percent reduction in poverty rate during the pandemic. The recovery scenarios indicate a cumulative GDP loss of USD 11.8 billion and 11.1 USD billion under slow and fast recovery scenarios, respectively, by December 2020. Our estimates show that Pakistan’s annual GDP (at market prices) will register a decline of 4.6 percent in the year 2020 due to negative effects of the pandemic and sluggish economic recovery. Poverty is expected to stabilize at 27.6 percent and 27.4 percent for the two recovery scenarios by December 2020.

The impact of COVID-19 on Tunisia’s economy, agri-food system, and households

ElKadhi, Zouhair,Elsabbagh, Dalia,Frija, Aymen,Lakoud, Thouraya,Wiebelt, Manfred,Breisinger, Clemens
The impact of COVID 19 on Tunisia s economy agri food system and households Book PDF

Author : ElKadhi, Zouhair,Elsabbagh, Dalia,Frija, Aymen,Lakoud, Thouraya,Wiebelt, Manfred,Breisinger, Clemens
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The impact of COVID-19 on Tunisia’s economy, agri-food system, and households by ElKadhi, Zouhair,Elsabbagh, Dalia,Frija, Aymen,Lakoud, Thouraya,Wiebelt, Manfred,Breisinger, Clemens Pdf

The COVID-19 crisis is expected to lead to a 46.4 percent decline in Tunisia’s GDP during the 2nd quarter of 2020 (April to June). The industrial sector will be hit hardest, with output falling by 52.7 percent, followed closely by services (-49.0 percent) and agriculture (-16.2 percent). These high losses are a result of the complete lockdown imposed in the country to contain the pandemic. Higher-income urban households will see the largest income losses, although lower-income urban households also will experience significant reductions in their income. As a policy response, social transfers towards poorer households will reduce the adverse welfare impact of these drops in household income. Government policies to support struggling businesses will allow economic activities to revive more rapidly when the lockdown loosens. Consequently, comprehensive planning by the Government of Tunisia to re-open the economy will be critical to reduce the pandemic’s adverse impact on the country’s economy in the longer-term, reducing losses of employment and income, especially in manufacturing and retail.

Guatemala: The impact of COVID-19 and preliminary policy implications: Interim report

Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio,Laborde Debucquet, David,Piñeiro, Valeria
Guatemala The impact of COVID 19 and preliminary policy implications Interim report Book PDF

Author : Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio,Laborde Debucquet, David,Piñeiro, Valeria
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Guatemala: The impact of COVID-19 and preliminary policy implications: Interim report by Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio,Laborde Debucquet, David,Piñeiro, Valeria Pdf

As most countries in the world Guatemala has been affected by COVID-19. In January 2020 the country decreed travel bans from China, which were later expanded to other countries. Still, Guatemala had the first confirmed COVID case in March 13 and the first death in March 15. Some days before that, on March 5, the government had declared the “state of calamity” (Declaración del Estado de Calamidad Pública - Decreto Gubernativo Número 5-2020), which allowed the government to limit different rights, and to take different actions to protect the health and safety of all persons in Guatemala. This brief note covers the following topics until the time of this report. First, it shows the evolution of the pandemic, using different indicators. Second, it summarizes the main policy responses and costs and financing. Third, it shows some actual impacts with available data up to the time of this writing. Fourth, the modeling framework for the simulations is briefly presented. Fifth, the document presents simulations of different scenarios for the evolution of Guatemala’s economy until year 2022. A final section discusses some preliminary policy considerations. Subsequent reports will update the information of this document and sharpen de policy conclusions.

COVID-19 and global food security: Two years later

McDermott, John,Swinnen, Johan
COVID 19 and global food security Two years later Book PDF

Author : McDermott, John,Swinnen, Johan
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896294226

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COVID-19 and global food security: Two years later by McDermott, John,Swinnen, Johan Pdf

Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health, economic, and social disruptions caused by this global crisis continue to evolve. The impacts of the pandemic are likely to endure for years to come, with poor, marginalized, and vulnerable groups the most affected. In COVID-19 & Global Food Security: Two Years Later, the editors bring together contributions from new IFPRI research, blogs, and the CGIAR COVID-19 Hub to examine the pandemic’s effects on poverty, food security, nutrition, and health around the world. This volume presents key lessons learned on food security and food system resilience in 2020 and 2021 and assesses the effectiveness of policy responses to the crisis. Looking forward, the authors consider how the pandemic experience can inform both recovery and longer-term efforts to build more resilient food systems.

Short-term impacts of COVID-19 on the Malawian economy: Initial results

Baulch, Bob,Botha, Rosemary,Pauw, Karl
Short term impacts of COVID 19 on the Malawian economy Initial results Book PDF

Author : Baulch, Bob,Botha, Rosemary,Pauw, Karl
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Short-term impacts of COVID-19 on the Malawian economy: Initial results by Baulch, Bob,Botha, Rosemary,Pauw, Karl Pdf

This Report describes the initial results of modeling undertaken by IFPRI to assess the short-run impacts of the COVID-19 control measures on the Malawian economy. We also consider the short-run effects of external shocks associated with disruptions in trade, investment, and remittance flows on the Malawian economy, as well as two medium-term paths assuming either faster or slower recovery during the remainder of 2020. This analysis has been undertaken in order to inform the policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi and represents a first pass attempt to measure the short-term economic impacts of COVID-19 on the Malawian economic. It should be noted that, unlike NPC (2020) our estimates of the economic impact of the COVID-19 on the Malawian economy do not extend beyond 2020 and do not try to set a value on loss of life or life-years. They do, however, allow for detailed breakdown of the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on different sectors and sub-sectors of the Malawian economy.

COVID-19 and global food security

Swinnen, Johan, ed.,McDermott, John, ed.
COVID 19 and global food security Book PDF

Author : Swinnen, Johan, ed.,McDermott, John, ed.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896293878

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COVID-19 and global food security by Swinnen, Johan, ed.,McDermott, John, ed. Pdf

The coronavirus pandemic has sparked not only a health crisis but also an economic crisis, which together pose a serious threat to food security, particularly in poorer countries. COVID-19 & Global Food Security brings together a groundbreaking series of IFPRI blog posts looking at the impacts of COVID-19 and the policy responses. IFPRI researchers and guest bloggers provide key insights and analysis on how the global pandemic is affecting global poverty and food security and nutrition, food trade and supply chains, gender, employment, and a variety of policy interventions, as well as reflections on how we can use these lessons to better prepare for future pandemics. These pieces draw on a combination of conceptual arguments, global and country-level simulation models, in-country surveys, case studies, and expert opinions. Together, they present a comprehensive picture of the current and potential impact of COVID-19 and the world’s policy responses on global food and nutrition security.

Assessing the short-term impacts of COVID-19 on Ethiopia’s economy: External and domestic shocks and pace of recovery

Aragie, Emerta,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Thurlow, James
Assessing the short term impacts of COVID 19 on Ethiopia s economy External and domestic shocks and pace of recovery Book PDF

Author : Aragie, Emerta,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Thurlow, James
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Assessing the short-term impacts of COVID-19 on Ethiopia’s economy: External and domestic shocks and pace of recovery by Aragie, Emerta,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Thurlow, James Pdf

In this paper, we analyze the economic impacts of response measures adopted in Ethiopia to curtail the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We carry out simulations using an economywide multiplier model based on a 2017 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the country that properly depicts interactions between economic agents. The pandemic’s impact on the global economy combined with disruptions it causes in Ethiopia represents a large, unprecedented shock to the country’s economy. In such situations, a SAM-based multiplier model provides an ideal tool for measuring the short-term direct and indirect impacts of a shock on an economic system since there is limited room for proper adjustment of economic decisions. We model the seven-week partial lockdown policy implemented in Ethiopia from mid-March to early May 2020. We also consider two possible economic recovery scenarios that may emerge as the COVID-19 control policies are relaxed during the latter part of 2020 in order to generate insights on the potential continuing impact of the virus at the end of 2020. Although the country took early swift measures, our assessment of the partial lockdown measures suggests that they were not as strict as those observed in other Africa countries. Accordingly, our estimates of the economic costs of COVID-19 on Ethiopia are significantly lower than those reported for other countries on the continent. We estimate that during the lockdown period Ethiopia’s GDP suffered a 14 percent loss (43.5 billion Birr or 1.9 billion USD) compared to a no-COVID case over the same period. Nearly two-thirds of the losses were in the services sector. Although no direct restrictions were imposed on the agriculture sector, which serves as the primary means of livelihood for most Ethiopians, the sector faced a 4.7 percent loss in output due to its linkages with the rest of the economy. Poor export performance due to a slowdown in global trade and restrictions on the transport sector also partly explain the decline in agricultural output. The broader agri-food system also was affected considerably because of its linkages with the rest of the economy. In terms of the welfare of Ethiopians, we estimate that the economic impacts during the lockdown caused 10.1 million additional people to fall below the poverty line. These findings have implications for better understanding the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 and for policy design during the recovery period to return Ethiopia’s economy to a normal growth trajectory and to protect the livelihoods of the most vulnerable in the process.

The effects of COVID-19 policies on livelihoods and food security of smallholder farm households in Nigeria: Descriptive results from a phone survey

Balana, Bedru B.,Oyeyemi, Motunrayo A.,Ogunniyi, Adebayo I.,Fasoranti, Adetunji,Edeh, Hyacinth,Aiki, Joel,Andam, Kwaw S.
The effects of COVID 19 policies on livelihoods and food security of smallholder farm households in Nigeria Descriptive results from a phone survey Book PDF

Author : Balana, Bedru B.,Oyeyemi, Motunrayo A.,Ogunniyi, Adebayo I.,Fasoranti, Adetunji,Edeh, Hyacinth,Aiki, Joel,Andam, Kwaw S.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The effects of COVID-19 policies on livelihoods and food security of smallholder farm households in Nigeria: Descriptive results from a phone survey by Balana, Bedru B.,Oyeyemi, Motunrayo A.,Ogunniyi, Adebayo I.,Fasoranti, Adetunji,Edeh, Hyacinth,Aiki, Joel,Andam, Kwaw S. Pdf

The Government’s policy measures such as travel restrictions, lockdowns, and restrictions on economic and social activities, aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19, had affected the livelihoods and food security of smallholders in Nigeria. Using data collected from sample households from four Nigerian states, this study investigated the effects of COVID-19 pandemic policies on the incomes, employment, and food security situation of smallholder farming households. Results show that 88 percent of the households reported that they lost about 50 percent of their income due to the pandemic. As a result, about 66 percent of respondents reported they reduced food consumption. Travel and movement restrictions caused disruptions in agricultural activities and supply chains, as 29 percent of respondents reported planting fewer crops, 24 percent reduced cropping area, and 24 percent reduced fertilizer application. In terms of household’s food security, results show that COVID-19 significantly worsened the food security situation of many households in Nigeria, especially poorer households. More than 80 percent of respondents worried about not having enough food and 77 percent ate less food than they thought they should. Survey households also reported a significant reduction of consumption of proteins (eggs, meat, and dairy products) and fruits since the pandemic struck. Increases in food prices are felt by most households (85 percent). We suggest three key policy priorities: support vulnerable households to mitigate the impacts of income loss through cash transfer or improved credit access; interventions to improve agricultural inputs supply chains to ease the pandemic’s impact on agricultural production; and support food insecure households through direct food distribution.

COVID-19 pandemic impacts on Asia and the Pacific

Elbehri, A., Temel, T., Burcu Ceylan, F., Mittal, S., Kularatne, D., Dawe, D.
COVID 19 pandemic impacts on Asia and the Pacific Book PDF

Author : Elbehri, A., Temel, T., Burcu Ceylan, F., Mittal, S., Kularatne, D., Dawe, D.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251357521

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COVID-19 pandemic impacts on Asia and the Pacific by Elbehri, A., Temel, T., Burcu Ceylan, F., Mittal, S., Kularatne, D., Dawe, D. Pdf

The COVID-19 health crisis has turned into a global economic crisis, putting at risk the health, jobs and incomes of millions of people across the world. The pandemic is becoming persistent and seemingly slow to eradicate, with medium and long-term consequences affecting the trajectories of the SDG (Sustainable Development Goal) targets across the countries. Better understanding of the implications of COVID-19 containment these measures for food systems, food insecurity and malnutrition is vital to prevent this global health crisis from becoming a food crisis and to rebuilt resilient food systems. The regional review presented in this report is broad-based but provisional since we are still dealing with an active pandemic having just moved past the fourth wave (dominated by Delta variant) and now facing a new variant, Omicron (whose real impact is still under review). As we approach 2022, the world is learning to live with COVID-19 and its variants for longer than initially believed. So the numbers related to COVID-19 infections and vaccination rates are only provisional and reflect the situation as of the time of writing.