Problem Solving Activities In Post Editing And Translation From Scratch

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Problem solving activities in post-editing and translation from scratch

Jean Nitzke
Problem solving activities in post editing and translation from scratch Book PDF

Author : Jean Nitzke
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783961101313

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Problem solving activities in post-editing and translation from scratch by Jean Nitzke Pdf

Companies and organisations are increasingly using machine translation to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness, and then edit the machine translated output to create a fluent text that adheres to given text conventions. This procedure is known as post-editing. Translation and post-editing can often be categorised as problem-solving activities. When the translation of a source text unit is not immediately obvious to the translator, or in other words, if there is a hurdle between the source item and the target item, the translation process can be considered problematic. Conversely, if there is no hurdle between the source and target texts, the translation process can be considered a task-solving activity and not a problem-solving activity. This study investigates whether machine translated output influences problem-solving effort in internet research, syntax, and other problem indicators and whether the effort can be linked to expertise. A total of 24 translators (twelve professionals and twelve semi-professionals) produced translations from scratch from English into German, and (monolingually) post-edited machine translation output for this study. The study is part of the CRITT TPR-DB database. The translation and (monolingual) post-editing sessions were recorded with an eye-tracker and a keylogging program. The participants were all given the same six texts (two texts per task). Different approaches were used to identify problematic translation units. First, internet research behaviour was considered as research is a distinct indicator of problematic translation units. Then, the focus was placed on syntactical structures in the MT output that do not adhere to the rules of the target language, as I assumed that they would cause problems in the (monolingual) post-editing tasks that would not occur in the translation from scratch task. Finally, problem indicators were identified via different parameters like Munit, which indicates how often the participants created and modified one translation unit, or the inefficiency (InEff) value of translation units, i.e. the number of produced and deleted tokens divided by the final length of the translation. Finally, the study highlights how these parameters can be used to identify problems in the translation process data using mere keylogging data.

Problem Solving Activities in Post-editing and Translation From Scratch

Jean Nitzke
Problem Solving Activities in Post editing and Translation From Scratch Book PDF

Author : Jean Nitzke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2020-10-09
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1013292871

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Problem Solving Activities in Post-editing and Translation From Scratch by Jean Nitzke Pdf

Translation and post-editing can often be categorised as problem-solving activities. When the translation of a source text unit is not immediately obvious to the translator, or in other words, if there is a hurdle between the source item and the target item, the translation process can be considered problematic. Conversely, if there is no hurdle between the source and target texts, the translation process can be considered a task-solving activity and not a problem-solving activity. This study investigates whether machine translated output influences problem-solving effort in internet research, syntax, and other problem indicators and whether the effort can be linked to expertise. A total of 24 translators (twelve professionals and twelve semi-professionals) produced translations from scratch from English into German, and (monolingually) post-edited machine translation output for this study. The study is part of the CRITT TPR-DB database. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

New Empirical Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting

Lore Vandevoorde,Joke Daems,Bart Defrancq
New Empirical Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting Book PDF

Author : Lore Vandevoorde,Joke Daems,Bart Defrancq
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780429638466

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New Empirical Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting by Lore Vandevoorde,Joke Daems,Bart Defrancq Pdf

Drawing on work from both eminent and emerging scholars in translation and interpreting studies, this collection offers a critical reflection on current methodological practices in these fields toward strengthening the theoretical and empirical ties between them. Methodological and technological advances have pushed these respective areas of study forward in the last few decades, but advanced tools, such as eye tracking and keystroke logging, and insights from their use have often remained in isolation and not shared across disciplines. This volume explores empirical and theoretical challenges across these areas and the subsequent methodologies implemented to address them and how they might be mutually applied across translation and interpreting studies but also brought together toward a coherent empirical theory of translation and interpreting studies. Organized around three key themes—target-text orientedness, source-text orientedness, and translator/interpreter-orientedness—the book takes stock of both studies of translation and interpreting corpora and processes in an effort to answer such key questions, including: how do written translation and interpreting relate to each other? How do technological advances in these fields shape process and product? What would an empirical theory of translation and interpreting studies look like? Taken together, the collection showcases the possibilities of further dialogue around methodological practices in translation and interpreting studies and will be of interest to students and scholars in these fields.

Translation Revision and Post-editing

Maarit Koponen,Brian Mossop,Isabelle S. Robert,Giovanna Scocchera
Translation Revision and Post editing Book PDF

Author : Maarit Koponen,Brian Mossop,Isabelle S. Robert,Giovanna Scocchera
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781000201512

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Translation Revision and Post-editing by Maarit Koponen,Brian Mossop,Isabelle S. Robert,Giovanna Scocchera Pdf

Translation Revision and Post-editing looks at the apparently dissolving boundary between correcting translations generated by human brains and those generated by machines. It presents new research on post-editing and revision in government and corporate translation departments, translation agencies, the literary publishing sector and the volunteer sector, as well as on training in both types of translation checking work. This collection includes empirical studies based on surveys, interviews and keystroke logging, as well as more theoretical contributions questioning such traditional distinctions as translating versus editing. The chapters discuss revision and post-editing involving eight languages: Afrikaans, Catalan, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. Among the topics covered are translator/reviser relations and revising/post-editing by non-professionals. The book is key reading for researchers, instructors and advanced students in Translation Studies as well as for professional translators with a special interest in checking translations.

A short guide to post-editing

Jean Nitzke,Silvia Hansen-Schirra
A short guide to post editing Book PDF

Author : Jean Nitzke,Silvia Hansen-Schirra
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961103331

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A short guide to post-editing by Jean Nitzke,Silvia Hansen-Schirra Pdf

Artificial intelligence is changing and will continue to change the world we live in. These changes are also influencing the translation market. Machine translation (MT) systems automatically transfer one language to another within seconds. However, MT systems are very often still not capable of producing perfect translations. To achieve high quality translations, the MT output first has to be corrected by a professional translator. This procedure is called post-editing (PE). PE has become an established task on the professional translation market. The aim of this text book is to provide basic knowledge about the most relevant topics in professional PE. The text book comprises ten chapters on both theoretical and practical aspects including topics like MT approaches and development, guidelines, integration into CAT tools, risks in PE, data security, practical decisions in the PE process, competences for PE, and new job profiles.

Explorations in Empirical Translation Process Research

Michael Carl
Explorations in Empirical Translation Process Research Book PDF

Author : Michael Carl
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783030697778

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Explorations in Empirical Translation Process Research by Michael Carl Pdf

This book assembles fifteen original, interdisciplinary research chapters that explore methodological and conceptual considerations as well as user and usage studies to elucidate the relation between the translation product and translation/post-editing processes. It introduces numerous innovative empirical/data-driven measures as well as novel classification schemes and taxonomies to investigate and quantify the relation between translation quality and translation effort in from-scratch translation, machine translation post-editing and computer-assisted audiovisual translation. The volume addresses questions in the translation of cognates, neologisms, metaphors, and idioms, as well as figurative and cultural specific expressions. It re-assesses the notion of translation universals and translation literality, elaborates on the definition of translation units and syntactic equivalence, and investigates the impact of translation ambiguity and translation entropy. The results and findings are interpreted in the context of psycho-linguistic models of bilingualism and re-frame empirical translation process research within the context of modern dynamic cognitive theories of the mind. The volume bridges the gap between translation process research and machine translation research. It appeals to students and researchers in the fields.

Translation, interpreting, cognition

Tra&Co Group
Translation interpreting cognition Book PDF

Author : Tra&Co Group
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961103041

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Translation, interpreting, cognition by Tra&Co Group Pdf

Cognitive aspects of the translation process have become central in Translation and Interpreting Studies in recent years, further establishing the field of Cognitive Translatology. Empirical and interdisciplinary studies investigating translation and interpreting processes promise a hitherto unprecedented predictive and explanatory power. This collection contains such studies which observe behaviour during translation and interpreting. The contributions cover a vast area and investigate behaviour during translation and interpreting – with a focus on training of future professionals, on language processing more generally, on the role of technology in the practice of translation and interpreting, on translation of multimodal media texts, on aspects of ergonomics and usability, on emotions, self-concept and psychological factors, and finally also on revision and post-editing. For the present publication, we selected a number of contributions presented at the Second International Congress on Translation, Interpreting and Cognition hosted by the Tra&Co Lab at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz.

The Routledge Guide to Teaching Ethics in Translation and Interpreting Education

Rebecca Tipton
The Routledge Guide to Teaching Ethics in Translation and Interpreting Education Book PDF

Author : Rebecca Tipton
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2024-03-05
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781003852353

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The Routledge Guide to Teaching Ethics in Translation and Interpreting Education by Rebecca Tipton Pdf

Routledge Guides to Teaching Translation and Interpreting is a series of practical guides to key areas of translation and interpreting for instructors, lecturers, and course designers. This book provides university-level educators in translation and interpreting with a practical set of resources to support a pedagogically engaged approach to ethics. Encompassing critical engagement and reflection, the resources have been designed to be easily developed and adapted to specific teaching contexts. The book promotes an integrated approach to ethics teaching. Its core goals are to improve the quality of student learning about ethics, develop confidence in ethical decision-making, and enhance a commitment to ethics beyond the programme of study. The approach includes emphasis on problems of practice, or “ethical dilemmas”, using real-world examples, but simultaneously encompasses a more wide-ranging set of ethical questions for both educators and their students. Including chapters on the ethical implications of using technology and the ethics involved in assessment and feedback, equal weight is given to both translation and interpreting. Providing a key point of reference for information on different theories of ethics, insight into pedagogical practices around the globe, and practical guidance on resource development for classroom use and extension activities for independent learning, this is an essential text for all instructors and lecturers teaching ethics in translation and interpreting studies.

Eye-Tracking Processes and Styles in Sight Translation

Wenchao Su
Eye Tracking Processes and Styles in Sight Translation Book PDF

Author : Wenchao Su
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-05
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789811556753

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Eye-Tracking Processes and Styles in Sight Translation by Wenchao Su Pdf

This book presents new research on sight translation using cutting-edge eye-tracking technology. It covers various aspects of sight translation processes of both novice and professional interpreters, such as their textual processing behaviors, problem-solving patterns and reading-speech coordination. By focusing on the features of their gaze behaviors, the book describes the interpreters' processing behaviors and categorizes them into different processing styles. As one of the first books on sight translation employing an eye-tracking technique as the research method, it offers a valuable reference guide for future eye-tracking-based translation and interpreting research.

A Qualitative Approach to Translation Studies

Elisa Calvo,Elena de la Cova
A Qualitative Approach to Translation Studies Book PDF

Author : Elisa Calvo,Elena de la Cova
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023-12-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781003806387

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A Qualitative Approach to Translation Studies by Elisa Calvo,Elena de la Cova Pdf

This collection invites readers to explore innovative or underexploited ways of working qualitatively with what in Translation Studies may be termed as elusive constructs. The volume adopts a functionalist approach to focus on one such concept, namely the notion of translation problem, using case studies to illustrate how a significant elusive construct can be addressed empirically. It explores different qualitative research methodologies which, although well established in other fields, are yet to be extensively used in TS but which may nevertheless prove to be of significance for future studies as they allow elusive concepts typically found in TS to be worked with more coherently. Chapters are structured around two core ideas: first, the qualitative, systematic analysis of source text content with emphasis on the detection of translation problems as a means of creating efficient frameworks for coherent decision-making from a functional perspective; and secondly, the practical process of stereotyping and profiling specific problems within different contexts, content types or services to help identify, manage and resolve them in a number of settings, from research to professional translator training and assessment environments. This book will be of interest to scholars in translation studies, particularly those with an interest in qualitative approaches.

Extending the Scope of Corpus-Based Translation Studies

Sylviane Granger,Marie-Aude Lefer
Extending the Scope of Corpus Based Translation Studies Book PDF

Author : Sylviane Granger,Marie-Aude Lefer
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781350143265

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Extending the Scope of Corpus-Based Translation Studies by Sylviane Granger,Marie-Aude Lefer Pdf

With the rapid growth of corpus-based translations studies (CBTS) over recent years, this book offers a timely overview of the field today. It features cutting-edge studies from leading experts in the area, focused on both professional and student translations, and covers the latest theoretical developments such as the constrained communication framework, with a strong focus on methodology, particularly mixed-method approaches, multivariate research designs and translation error annotation. The volume highlights the emerging interdisciplinary bridges between CBTS and other areas in linguistics and demonstrates the applications of these theories and methods to translator training. It also offers a forward-looking perspective by presenting some of the challenges CBTS currently faces and possible pathways for future research. Thanks to its combined theoretical, methodological and applied perspective and innovative approaches, Extending the Scope of Corpus-Based Translation Studies will appeal to both seasoned specialists and newcomers to the field.

Machine translation for everyone

Dorothy Kenny
Machine translation for everyone Book PDF

Author : Dorothy Kenny
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783985540457

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Machine translation for everyone by Dorothy Kenny Pdf

Language learning and translation have always been complementary pillars of multilingualism in the European Union. Both have been affected by the increasing availability of machine translation (MT): language learners now make use of free online MT to help them both understand and produce texts in a second language, but there are fears that uninformed use of the technology could undermine effective language learning. At the same time, MT is promoted as a technology that will change the face of professional translation, but the technical opacity of contemporary approaches, and the legal and ethical issues they raise, can make the participation of human translators in contemporary MT workflows particularly complicated. Against this background, this book attempts to promote teaching and learning about MT among a broad range of readers, including language learners, language teachers, trainee translators, translation teachers, and professional translators. It presents a rationale for learning about MT, and provides both a basic introduction to contemporary machine-learning based MT, and a more advanced discussion of neural MT. It explores the ethical issues that increased use of MT raises, and provides advice on its application in language learning. It also shows how users can make the most of MT through pre-editing, post-editing and customization of the technology.

Machine translation for everyone: Empowering users in the age of artificial intelligence

Dorothy Kenny
Machine translation for everyone Empowering users in the age of artificial intelligence Book PDF

Author : Dorothy Kenny
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2022-07-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783961103485

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Machine translation for everyone: Empowering users in the age of artificial intelligence by Dorothy Kenny Pdf

Language learning and translation have always been complementary pillars of multilingualism in the European Union. Both have been affected by the increasing availability of machine translation (MT): language learners now make use of free online MT to help them both understand and produce texts in a second language, but there are fears that uninformed use of the technology could undermine effective language learning. At the same time, MT is promoted as a technology that will change the face of professional translation, but the technical opacity of contemporary approaches, and the legal and ethical issues they raise, can make the participation of human translators in contemporary MT workflows particularly complicated. Against this background, this book attempts to promote teaching and learning about MT among a broad range of readers, including language learners, language teachers, trainee translators, translation teachers, and professional translators. It presents a rationale for learning about MT, and provides both a basic introduction to contemporary machine-learning based MT, and a more advanced discussion of neural MT. It explores the ethical issues that increased use of MT raises, and provides advice on its application in language learning. It also shows how users can make the most of MT through pre-editing, post-editing and customization of the technology.

Semantic differences in translation

Lore Vandevoorde
Semantic differences in translation Book PDF

Author : Lore Vandevoorde
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961100729

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Semantic differences in translation by Lore Vandevoorde Pdf

Although the notion of meaning has always been at the core of translation, the invariance of meaning has, partly due to practical constraints, rarely been challenged in Corpus-based Translation Studies. In answer to this, the aim of this book is to question the invariance of meaning in translated texts: if translation scholars agree on the fact that translated language is different from non-translated language with respect to a number of grammatical and lexical aspects, would it be possible to identify differences between translated and non-translated language on the semantic level too? More specifically, this books tries to formulate an answer to the following three questions: (i) how can semantic differences in translated vs non-translated language be investigated in a corpus-based study?, (ii) are there any differences on the semantic level between translated and non-translated language? and (iii) if there are differences on the semantic level, can we ascribe them to any of the (universal) tendencies of translation? In this book, I establish a way to visually explore semantic similarity on the basis of representations of translated and non-translated semantic fields. A technique for the comparison of semantic fields of translated and non-translated language called SMM++ (based on Helge Dyvik’s Semantic Mirrors method) is developed, yielding statistics-based visualizations of semantic fields. The SMM++ is presented via the case of inchoativity in Dutch (beginnen [to begin]). By comparing the visualizations of the semantic fields on different levels (translated Dutch with French as a source language, with English as a source language and non-translated Dutch) I further explore whether the differences between translated and non-translated fields of inchoativity in Dutch can be linked to any of the well-known universals of translation. The main results of this study are explained on the basis of two cognitively inspired frameworks: Halverson’s Gravitational Pull Hypothesis and Paradis’ neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism.

Informationsintegration in mehrsprachigen Textchats

Felix Hoberg
Informationsintegration in mehrsprachigen Textchats Book PDF

Author : Felix Hoberg
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783985540334

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Informationsintegration in mehrsprachigen Textchats by Felix Hoberg Pdf

Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Informationsintegration in maschinell übersetzten, mehrsprachigen Textchats am Beispiel des Skype Translators im Sprachenpaar Katalanisch-Deutsch. Der Untersuchung von Textchats dieser Konfiguration wurde sich bislang nur wenig zugewendet. Deshalb wird der zunächst grundlegend explorativ ausgerichteten Forschungsfrage nachgegangen, wie Personen eine maschinell übersetzte Textchat-Kommunikation wahrnehmen, wenn sie nicht der Sprache des Gegenübers mächtig sind. Damit einher geht auch die Untersuchung der Informationsextraktion und -verarbeitung zwischen Nachrichten, die in der eigenen Sprache verfasst wurden, und der Ausgabe der Maschinellen Übersetzung. Zur Erfassung des Nutzungsverhalten im Umgang mit Skype und dem Skype Translator wurde mit einer deutschlandweit an Studierende gesendeten Online-Umfrage gearbeitet. In einer zweiteiligen, naturalistisch orientierten Pilotstudie unter Einsatz des Eye-Trackers wurde das Kommunikationsverhalten von Studierenden mit deutscher Muttersprache einerseits in maschinell vom Skype Translator übersetzten Chats mit katalanischen Muttersprachler·innen und andererseits, als Referenz, in monolingualen, rein deutschsprachigen Chats ohne Skype Translator untersucht. Bei den Teilnehmer·innen an diesen Studien handelt es sich um zwei unabhängige Gruppen. Beide wurden ebenfalls mit Fragebögen zum Nutzungsverhalten und zu den Eindrücken des Skype Translators erfasst. Das sicher überraschendste Ergebnis der Studie ist, dass die Versuchspersonen einen substanziellen Teil der Chatkommunikation auf der MÜ-Ausgabe in beiden beteiligten Sprachen verbringen. Die Untersuchung der Sakkaden und Regressionen deutet auf einen sprunghaften Wechsel zwischen Originalnachricht und MÜ hin. Der Schwerpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit liegt dabei konsequent auf den neusten Nachrichten. Es ist daher anzunehmen, dass die Versuchspersonen die MÜ-Ausgabe aktiv in die Kommunikation miteinbeziehen und wesentliche Informationen zwischen Original und MÜ abzugleichen versuchen.